Background and Aims: Obesity is one of the most important health problems today that causes other diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases. Obesity is caused by a variety of factors, and viruses, especially adenoviruses  type 36. This study was performed to detect the adenovirus 36 genome in the adipose tissue of  patients who underwent surgery due to severe obesity. Also, the prevalence of antibodies against adenovirus 36 in the control and patient groups was compared and their biochemical parameters were compared and analyzed.
Materials and Methods: Adenovirus genome was detected in patients with abdominal adipose tissue by PCR technique. Positive samples were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Prevalence of specific antibodies against adenovirus 36 in case and control groups was determined by ELISA technique.
Results: The adenovirus genome was detected in the adipose tissue in 4 of the 60 samples in the case group.  43 obese individuals with a body mass index of less than 35 were also selected as the control group. The prevalence of antibodies against this virus in 103 psrsons was 49%. The prevalence of antibodies was 33% in the patient group and 15% in the control group. In people with antibodies to adenovirus 36, the serum lipid profile changed significantly. These people had lower serum triglycerides and higher low density lipoprotein .Finally, the sequencing analysis showed the adenoviruses found in the specimens were adenovirus-36 and are belonged to subgroup D.
Conclusion: Adenovirus 36 is detected in the adipose tissue of severely obese individuals and the presence of its antibody in the serum affects the lipid profile.