@article{ author = {Delfan-Beiranvand, M and Pournia, Y and Fazeli, M and Tarvand, AH and Hosseini, J and Mirzaei, M}, title = {Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Blood Donors in Khorramabad}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has worldwide distribution, and its prevalence rate depends on factors such as economic and geographical conditions. An important way of the virus transmission is via blood. Due to high prevalence of anti-CMV antibodies in blood donors and lack of data concerning its seroprevalence in the region, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of anti-CMV antibodies in the blood donors of Khorramabad Blood Transfusion Center. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 270 healthy donors referring to Khorramabad Blood Transfusion Center. The demographic data were recorded in the questionnaires, and following the routine screening tests, the tests of anti-CMV antibodies (IgG and IgM) were performed using the Iranian Pishtaz-teb kit through the ELISA technique. The data were analyzed by the t-test and x2 test using the SPSS software. Results: Out of 270 samples, 90% were males, and 10% were females. Anti-CMV IgG antibody was positive in 148 samples (55%), and negative in 122 ones (45%). Moreover, anti-CMV IgM antibody was negative in 269 cases (99.6%), and positive in 1 case (0.4%). Conclusion: Considering the high seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibody in Khorramabad, latency of the virus inside the blood cells, and its possible transmission via blood and blood products to blood receivers particularly in immunodeficient patients including those with malignant diseases receiving chemotherapy and recipients of allograft transplants, performing screening tests on donated blood samples for CMV infection particularly in high risk cases is recommended.}, Keywords = {Blood donors, Cytomegalovirus, Antibody, Khorramabad}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.1}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Khalafkhany, D and Makvandi, M and Javanmard, D and Hamidi-Fard, M and Samarbaf-Zadeh, AR}, title = {Determination of Hepatitis Delta Virus Genotype among HBV Carriers in Southwest of Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aims: HDV is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus Deltavirus. Its disease is related and limited to HBV-infected patients. Acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both HBV & HDV or super infection of chronically HBV infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. According to genetic diversity of genomic RNA of HDV, 8 clades have been classified. The aim of this study was to determine the delta virus genotype among the HBV & HDV infected patients in Ahvaz city. Materials and Methods: Sera sample collected from 31 seropositive HDV patients including 21 male and 9 female mean age 46±13.5 suffering from chronic hepatitis and 1 male patient with acute hepatitis. The encoding region for C terminal half of the Delta anti gene of the HDV’s genomic RNA reverse transcribed and then amplified by nested PCR. The HDV PCR positive samples were sequenced, and the sequences were compared with reference sequences on GenBank. All samples were tested for HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HCV anti body. Results: Only 15(48%) out of 31 anti HDV seropositive patients were positive for HDV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Alignment and phylogenic analysis of the present HDV sequences revealed that all sequences belong to clade 1. Only 1 HDV RNA positive patient was positive for HBV DNA by nested PCR. Conclusion: According to previous studies the clade 1 (genotype 1) is the predominant clade of HDV in our country. However some (2-HDV-R, 4-HDV-R &11-HDV-R) of our isolates show extensive differences from the two previously isolated HDVs from Iran. Most of the our isolates were closely related to the Iranian HDVs, but Egyptian HDV still remains the most relevant foreign isolate. Suppression of HBV replication by delta virus is common but mutual suppression of HDV and HCV remains unclear.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis delta, Hepatitis B, Genotype, Phylogenetic Analysis}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-12}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.6}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Tavakoli, R and Fotouhi, F and Tavassoti-Kheiri, M and Farahmand, B and Saleh, M and Tabatabaeiyan, M}, title = {Expression of Influenza Heamagglutinin Globular Head in Different Eukaryotic Cells}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Influenza (flu) is a respiratory infection in mammals and birds. It is caused by an RNA virus in the family Orthomyxoviridae. The virus is divided into three main types. Influenza virus type A is found in a wide variety of bird and mammal species and can undergo major shifts in immunological properties. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an important influenza virus surface antigen that is highly topical in influenza research. In the present study, the gene encoding HA1 protein which includes Hemagglutinin globular head from influenza virus A/Tehran/18/2010 (H1N1) was cloned into a eukaryotic expression plasmid (pCDNA3) and its expression was evaluated in eukaryotic cells. Materials and Methods: HA1 gene was incised from pFastBacTHc-HA1 by digestion, purified and subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector (pCDNA3). After verification of the cloning fidelity, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into COS-7 and BHK-21 cells, and its expression was detected by RT-PCR. Results: Restriction endonuclease digestion analysis, colony PCR and DNA sequencing indicated that the recombinant plasmid pCDNA3-HA1 had been constructed successfully. After transfection into eukaryotic cells, the presence of mRNA transcripts was verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conclusion: This study is a demonstrated success in the construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid for HA1 thus providing a basis for further probing into mechanism of virus infection and exploring DNA vaccine.}, Keywords = {Influenza virus, Hemagglutinin, DNA vaccine}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-17}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.13}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Norouzian, H and Gholami, SJ and Vasfi-Marandi, M}, title = {Phylogenetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin Gene of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Chicken in Iran in 2010-2011: Emerging of a New Subgroup}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Avian Influenza (AI) plays an essential role in the virus pathogenicity. AI H9N2 subtype causes significant economic loss in broiler and layer in poultry farms in Iran. AI viruses have a great involvement in evolutionary changes at nucleotide and amino acid levels and vaccines could induce faster rates of such changes. Up-dated understanding of the genetic changes of AI viruses circulating in Iran is necessary for controlling AI. Materials and Methods: Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of the HA gene of three H9N2 subtype of AI isolates in Iran in 2010-2011 were studied. Results: Cleavage site of the Iranian 2010-2011 isolates possessed a different motif. Amino acid residue at position 226 at receptor binding site in these isolates was Leucine, which was similar to human viruses. The epitopes for HA showed a great variation related to the year of isolation. According to phylogenetic analysis, Iranian isolates were divided into two main subgroups. But, viruses isolated in this study formed a third minor subgroup. Degree of homology between the 2010-2011 isolates and former Iranian isolates was significantly low. Conclusion: The results revealed that HA of new Iranian AI H9N2 isolates have undergone extensive genetic changes. Definitely, continuous monitoring of genetic changes is a useful tool for updating control strategy for AI outbreak in Iran.}, Keywords = {Avian Influenza, H9N2, Hemagglutinin, Phylogenetic analysis, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-26}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.18}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Zinati, Z and Assad, MT and Masumi, M and Alemzadeh, A and Razi, H and Izadpanah, K}, title = {The Effect of High Temperature Treatment on Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Resistance and Certain Resistance-Related Chemicals in Bread Wheat}, abstract ={Background and Aims: To evaluate the effect of temperature on wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) resistance phenotype, through total protein, phenol, and peroxidase activity in bread wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted using Adl-Cross (resistant) and Marvdasht (susceptible) cultivars. Materials and Methods: Results showed that incubation at 32C changed the gene expression for resistance to WSMV and mosaic symptoms were observed in Adl-Cross. Total protein reduction in inoculated Adl-Cross was significant at 32C. Results also indicated that high temperature either prevented expression of genes or degenerated available proteins involved in resistance mechanism. Total protein in infected Marvdasht was significantly reduced as compared with healthy control plants. Since electrophoretic pattern indicated reduction of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RBPC) subunits in infected Marvdasht, reduction of protein may have probably been due to a decrease in the synthesis of RBPC. Mean of phenolic compounds content in Adl-Cross was higher as compared to Marvdasht in both infected and non-infected plants. Total phenol increased 2.8 and 4.06 percent in inoculated Marvdasht and Adl-Cross, respectively. The trend of increase in phenolic compounds indicated that their synthesis and accumulation was higher in Adl-Cross as compared to Marvdasht. Results: These results indicated the role of phenolic compounds in prevention of viral movement and spread in resistant cultivar. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that the intensity of a spot with Relative flow (Rf) 0.622 increased at high temperature. Increase in total phenol at high temperature may have been due to increase in intensity of this spot. Spot concentration with Rf 0.622 at high temperature was higher in infected samples as compared to uninfected samples. Conclusion: This showed an interaction of virus and temperature. Also, a spot with the same Rf and different color was observed 8 days after inoculation at 25C. The color change in this spot showed that high temperature might cause a decrease in concentration of phenolic compounds which are in turn effective in resistance to WSMV. Another possibility is that the compounds effective in resistance of Adl-Cross are changed to neutral forms at higher temperatures. There were no significant differences between genotypes for peroxidase activity in healthy plants at 25°C. Viral infection reduced the peroxidase activity in Marvdasht but, showed a significant increase in Adl-Cross. High temperature reduced peroxidase activity in both infected and uninfected plants. Peroxidase enzyme probably affects synthesis of compounds effective in resistance. Also, reduction in enzyme activity at high temperature increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and this led to oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {Biochemical Changes, Bread Wheat, Resistance, Temperature, Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-35}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.27}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Majidzadeh-A, K and Soleimani, M and Karimi, V and Shojaee-Estabragh, A and Fanni, A and Mandegar, O and Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi, A}, title = {Nucleoprotein (NP) Gene Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Iranian H9N2 Avian Influenza Isolates during 1998-2011}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Avian Influenza (AI) H9N2 subtype was first reported to infect turkeys in the United States in 1966 and has been panzootic in Eurasia. In Iran, the H9N2 virus was first isolated from broiler chickens in 1998 in Ghazvin province and it is the most prevalent subtype of influenza virus in poultry industry in Iran at the present time. Materials and Methods: In this study, we sequenced and analyzed Nucleoprotein (NP) gene of six AI H9N2 isolates from broiler farms of different parts of Iran from 1998 to 2011 to show probable changes since first advent. Results: Results indicate that nucleotide homology among these isolates with NP genes is between 91.8% to 98.8%. The divergences between isolates have significantly been increased since 2007.Iranian AI H9N2 Isolates based on NP gene divided in two distinct clusters according to their isolation year. Group 1 is located in Y-439 clade and Group 2 is located in G1 Clade. Iranian H9N2 isolates of avian influenza virus show more amino acid substitutions Compare to those found in human H9N2 isolates. Conclusion: The results shown here that further gene reassortment has occurred subsequent to the emergence of viruses in the Middle East highlights the potential for viruses to evolve rapidly.}, Keywords = {Avian Influenza, H9N2, NP, Phylogenetic Study, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-42}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.1.36}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, SF and Tavassoti-Kheiri, M and Taghizadeh, M and Fotouhi, F and Heydarchi, B and Tabatabaiean, M and Torabi, A and Hosseini, SM}, title = {Partial Quality Control of Inactivated Split Human Influenza Vaccine 2008-9}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Influenza vaccination is one of the best way to prevent and control influenza worldwide. It is manufactured by WHO-licensed companies based on the WHO expertise committee annually. The aim of this study was partial quality control of the commercial human influenza vaccine 2008-9 and its matching with the circulating strains. Materials and Methods: The trivalent imported vaccine was cultured in bacterial and fungal media, injected to the mice and inoculated into the allantoic cavity of Embryonated Chicken Eggs (ECEs). Hemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) assay was carried out on pre and post vaccination serum samples. The bacterial endotoxin was assessed by LAL assay. The Hemagglutinin (HA) content of the vaccine was measured using SRID. Heterogenecity of the circulating influenza strains during 2008-9 seasons in Tehran in comparison to the vaccine strains was determined. Results: No bacterial contamination and no occurrence of mortality and morbidity in animal was observed. The mean fold increase of HI antibody titer in subjects without previous vaccination for H1N1, H3N2 and B strains were 6.7, 3.3 and 1.8 respectively, while in subjects with previous vaccination were 4, 1.6 and 1.1 for same strains. Amino acid variation was found in Tehran H1N1 isolates but the H3N2 isolates showed higher genetic resemblance to the 2008-9 vaccine strain. Conclusion: The sterility, safety, and efficacy of the vaccine were approved and there was some variation in A/H1N1 but not in A/H3N2 isolates in comparison with the vaccine strain.}, Keywords = {Human influenza vaccine, Phylogenetic Analysis, Hemagglutination-Inhibition (HI)}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.1}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Borhani, K and Bamdad, T and Ajorloo, M and Mozhgani, SHR and Miandehi, N and Moradi-Joshaghan, A and Gholami, AR}, title = {Cloning and Expression of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Gene into Eukaryotic System}, abstract ={Background and Aims: The aim of this study was cloning and expression of rabies virus glycoprotein by a eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) in BSR cell line. This construct might be used for a potential DNA vaccine. Materials and Methods: Glycoprotein gene was synthesized and cloned into pBluescript vector and then sub cloned into eukaryotic expression vector (pcDNA3.1(+)). After verification of the cloning, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into BSR cell line (a clone of BHK-21 cell), and its expression was detected by RT-PCR. Results: The authenticity of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-Gp has been confirmed by a quick check method and restriction endonuclease digestion analysis, and after transfection into eukaryotic cells, the presence of mRNA transcripts was verified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid for rabies virus glycoprotein is possible. Nevertheless, more work is necessary to develop this kind of vaccine for final use.}, Keywords = {Rabies virus, glycoprotein, DNA vaccine, Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-11}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.8}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Najafi, S and Behzadian, F and Fotouhi-Chahooki, F and Tavasoti-Kheiri, M and Fallah-Mehrabadi, J}, title = {Baculoviral Expression of Influenza A Virus (H1N1 New Caledonia) Neuraminidase in Insect Cells}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Each year, the influenza virus causes moderate to severe infections with a high prevalence throughout the world. Accordingly, an influenza vaccine that ensures protection with only a single dose would be a much more cost effective approach to influenza prophylaxis. Generation of Influenza non-replicating virus-like particles (VLP) in baculoviral expression system is an attractive method for achieving this goal. One of the main components of such particles is Neuraminidase surficial glycoprotein that has important role to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. Materials and Methods: In this study, the NA coding region amplified from the human influenza virus [A/New Caledonia 20/1999/ (H1N1)] was used to construct the NA recombinant bacmid into E.coli DH10Bac cells. Results: After verification of the new recombinant bacmid, it was transfected into the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cell line to generate recombinant baculovirus expressing the NA gene. The expression of NA in insect cells was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Conclusion: The recombinant baculovirus expressing the NA gene can be used in construction of influenza VLP when co-infect along with the other monocistronic baculoviruses expressing influenza Hemagglutinin and Matrix antigens. Moreover, the NA protein expressed in insect cells might be fully glycosylated and therefore is appropriate to be use in influenza vaccinology projects.}, Keywords = {Influenza virus, SF9 cells, Baculovirus, Neuraminidase}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-17}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.12}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Alborzi, A and Bamdad, T and Ghaderi, M and Salimi, H and Davoodian, P and Merat, Sh and Hossainpor, M and Jabbari, H and Sharifi, AH and Pourhossein, B}, title = {Comparison of HCV Plus-and Minus-Strand RNA in PBMCs of Responders and non-Responders of Chronically Infected Patients Receiving Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a significant proportion (≈ 20 %) of individuals with chronic HCV infection (CHC). Currently, CHC is treated with peginterferon and ribavirin, which depending on genotype approximately 50 to 70% of patients are cured. The so-called “extrahepatic HCV infection” or viral replication in regions of the body other than liver, e.g. peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), is likely to contribute to the lack of response to treatment in non-responders. In this study, HCV infection of PBMCs was compared between responders- and non-responders HCV-infected patients. Materials and Methods: RT-nested PCR was utilized to detect the plus- and minus- strands of HCV RNA in PBMCs using type-specific primers specific for the HCV core region. Results: Both the plus- and the minus strands of HCV genome were significantly lower in PBMCs of responder- than non-responder patients. Conclusion: The presence of both plus and minus HCV strands in PBMCs was associated with the treatment outcome, such that HCV infection of PBMCs was identified in higher proportion of non-responders relative to responders.}, Keywords = {Responder Groups, (End of treatment) ETR, Ribavirin, Interferon, Hepatitis C Virus}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.18}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-92-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, H and Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi, A}, title = {Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus in Iran: The First Report}, abstract ={Avian pneumovirus (APV) causes turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) and swollen head syndrome (SHS) of chickens, which is usually accompanied by secondary bacterial infections that increase mortality. In Iran, some serological studies indicated that APV infection is endemic in commercial poultry industry. In this study we diagnosed APV genome molecularly in suspected broiler flock (4 weeks) in Iran and characterized APV genome based on G glycoprotein .In phylogenetic analysis PCRLAB/HG2010 is located in B subtype cluster and near APV strains from Nigeria, Japan and Brazil. It is the first molecular epidemiology study on APV in Iran. In conclusion, vaccination programs in the Iranian poultry industry should be adjusted to include the APV vaccine to aid in the control of this respiratory disease. It is also concluded that more work is required to isolate and characterized AVP in different geographical regions of Iran and different species.}, Keywords = {Avian Metapneumovirus, Iran, Phylogenetic analysis}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-31}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.26}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Esghaei, M and Fotouhi, F and Tavassoti-Kheiri, M and Tabatabaian, M and Shamsi-Shahrabadi, Sh and Monavari, SHR}, title = {Preparation and Expression of M2 Gene Plasmid DNA for Potential use in Influenza A Vaccine Production}, abstract ={No abstract this article: Preparation and Expression of M2 Gene Plasmid DNA for Potential use in Influenza A Vaccine Production}, Keywords = {M2 gene, plasmid, Influenza A vaccine}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-34}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.2.32}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Kazemimanesh, M and Madadgar, O and Mahzoonieh, MR and Zahraei-Salehi, T and Steinbach, F}, title = {A Serological Study on Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Ten Provinces of Iran between 2010 and 2012}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic member of the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae. BLV is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukaemia and infects cattle worldwide, imposing economic impact on the dairy cattle industry. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of BLV in cattle in some provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 cows over 2 years old from 10 provinces of Iran in different regions and environments from industrial and less industrial herds were used in the study. Blood samples from all cows were taken both with and without EDTA. Serum separation for the ELISA test and leukocyte count, were performed upon receipt without delay. Cattle without fever that had lymphocyte numbers of more than 9,000/μl were suspected to have persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Sera samples were examined for antibodies against BLV by blocking ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of BLV among animals was 32.8% and among provinces was 80%. Seropositive cattle had higher total leukocyte and lymphocyte count and lower neutrophil count than seronegative cattle (P<0.001). Among BLV seropositive animals, the rate of PL was 36.9%. None of the seronegative animals showed lymphocytosis. Conclusion: Comparing the data with previous studies on seroprevalence of BLV in different localities in Iran, the prevalence of the infection has been raised. These results suggest that promoting control programs in Iran are very important. Furthermore, it will be essential to conduct nationwide surveillance program and determine the major risk factors.}, Keywords = {Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), Seroprevalence, persistent lymphocytosis (PL), Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.1}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mahmoodian-Shooshtari, M and Sharifi, Z and Mousavi, SE and Ahmadi-Teymourloyee, SA}, title = {Decline of Hepatitis B Virus in Iranian Blood Donors in the Last Decade (2001-2010)}, abstract ={Background and Aims: This study was the trends of Hepatitis B infection among Iranian blood donors which was analyzed in a period of 10 years. Materials and Methods: In a period of 10 years, from 2001 through 2010, a total of 16,264,830 donations from 30 regional and 35 local blood services were screened. All blood samples were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) by commercial available kits. Sistan-Baluchestan (S&B) province representing a high prevalence and Fars province was a low prevalence area. For assessing frequency of infection, the prevalence of HBS Ag per 100 000 donations and 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test and considered significant if P value was <0.05. Results: The prevalence rates of HBs Ag dramatically declined from 1.23% in 2001 to 0.25% in 2010 in Iran. In S&B province HBs Ag prevalence decreased from 3.29% in 2001 to 0.66% in 2010 and in Fars province, the rate of HBs Ag decreased from 0.82% in 2001 to 0.12% in 2010. In this period, the number of donation progressively increased from 1361321 donation in 2001 to 1889851 donation in 2010, P v <0.00001. The number of volunteer donations increased from 92% in 2001 to 100% in 2010. Conclusion: The findings indicated that an appropriate implementation of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) programs such as the selection of blood donors/ donor recruitment, increasing non-remunerated repeat donors, routine screening for blood borne viruses, replacement donation exclusion, and implementation of automation are being performed.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B virus, Blood Donation, Prevalence, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO)}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {8-12}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.8}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Telmadarraiy, Z and Saghafipour, A and Farzinnia, B and Chinikar, S}, title = {Molecular Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks in Qom Province, Iran, 2011-2012}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonosis caused by a Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. Infection is transmitted to humans mostly by Hyalomma ticks. This study was conducted to determine the rate of CCHFV infection in ticks in Qom province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, Reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect partial sequence of the CCHF small (S) genome segment in ticks. Results: CCHFV genome was found in 7.9% of hard ticks. All positive ticks were from Hyalomma genus and Hyalomma marginatum species. We were not able to find virus in in Hy. anatolicum, Hy. schulzei, Hy. dromedarii, Rhipicephalus Sanguineus and Argas persicus. Conclusion: Results exhibited that Hyalomma marginatum is the main vector in the study area.}, Keywords = {Ticks, CCHF, Qom, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {13-18}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.13}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, MM and Shahsavandi, S and Masoudi, S and Ghodsian, N and Hashemi, A and Hablalvarid, MH and Hatami, AR}, title = {Development of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Differential Diagnosis of Canary Pox Virus}, abstract ={Background and Aims: A multiplex transcription-polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) was developed for direct detection and discrimination between canarypox virus (CPV) and other avian poxvirus (APV). Materials and Methods: Three compatible primer sets were designed for m-PCR amplification of different loci fpv126, fpv140, and fpv167 located at highly conserved APV genes. Results: Results showed that m-PCR products of the expected sizes were obtained for all of the primer sets when they were tested either alone or in combination with an artificial mixture of positive controls. Based on the better amplification of fpv167 than other loci, the locus primer set was used to examine tissue samples from canaries clinically diagnosed as AVP-infected. Conclusion: All canary samples were positive for CPV by the m-PCR and virus isolation. The results of the present study indicate the m-PCR assay holds potential to be versatile, rapid, and sensitive for detection of CPV and differentiation of the virus from the other APVs.}, Keywords = {Canary pox virus, Fragment-Length Polymorphism, Diagnosis}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {19-23}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.19}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Morovvati, A and Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi, A and Soleimani, M and Mousavi-Nasab, SD and Majidzadeh-A, K}, title = {Emergence of a New Genotype of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. It has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. CCHF viruses have a tripartite RNA genome consisting of large (L), medium (M) and small (S) segments. This study was undertaken to determine the genetic relationship of CCHF viruses in tick population of West Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, RT-PCR method was used for detection of the CCHFV genome based on S segment. The phylogenetic relationship among the Iranian CCHF virus and also between these variants and those from other regions of the world was identified. Results: Two genotypes of CCHF virus were in circulation in Iran (Asia1& Europe 1). We were the first to demonstrate the presence of Europe 1 genotype of CCHF virus in Iran. Conclusion: Further epidemiologic studies including, CCHFV complete genome analysis and implementation of improved surveillance are urgently needed to better predict and respond to CCHF outbreaks in Iran and Middle East region.}, Keywords = {Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Iran, Phylogenetic Study}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {24-29}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.24}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mozhgani, SHR and Faghihloo, E and Makvandi, M and Samarbaf-Zadeh, AR and Zareh-Khoshchehreh, R and Ajorloo, M and Mousavi-Nasab, SD and Borhani, K}, title = {Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Astrovirus Infection among Children Suffering from Gastroenteritis Referred to Aboozar Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran}, abstract ={NO abstract this article: Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Astrovirus Infection among Children Suffering from Gastroenteritis Referred to Aboozar Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran}, Keywords = {Astrovirus, children, Gasteroenteritis}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {30-33}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.3.30}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-100-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Rostami, S and Shakeri, MT and Ghayour-Mobarhan, M and Nomani, H and Sepahi, S and Gerayli, S and Foghanian, B and Sadat-Nabavinia, M and Ahadi, M and Meshkat, Z}, title = {The Absence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Patients with Hepatitis B virus in Mashhad, Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Many studies have provided evidence for the role of hepatitis B and C viruses in the development of liver cancer. Although the routine treatment is available for both conditions, no definite guideline is available to treat patients dually infected with HBV and HCV. This study was performed to determine the frequency of HBV/HCV-coinfection in Mashhad, North-East of Iran. Materials and Methods: In our previous study, 3198 participants were chosen for study of HBV infection from March 2010 to November 2011 in Mashhad, Iran. ELISA method was used to determine the existence of anti-HCV antibody among HBV infected cases. Results: Of 34 HBsAg positive participants that included equal number of men and women (17 subjects of each gender) with the mean age of 49.9 years, none were positive for anti-HCV antibody. Conclusion: According to the current study, it could be concluded that the prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection is low in Mashhad. However, since occult HBV infection may go unnoticed by conventional HBsAg testing, high sensitive molecular techniques are required to investigate the presence of dual infection.}, Keywords = {Co-infection, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Mashhad, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.1}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-101-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, H and Morshed, R}, title = {Molecular Identification of Fowl Adenovirus Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Iran}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is one of the most important reemerging diseases in many countries with intensive poultry industries. In Iran, the etiological agent of IBH (fowl adenovirus) has not been yet confirmed. The aim of this study was the molecular detection and identification of fowl adenovirus involving IBH in chicken flocks in Iran. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of L1 hexon gene was utilized to detect and to determinate the genotypes of Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in broiler breeder flocks. Histopathological sections were prepared and examined. Results: FAdVs were detected in livers. Based on sequencing analysis of the hexon gene, they were genetically related to FAdV-11, a member of the fowl adenovirus D species, with 98% homology to Korean strain in 2011. Histological examination revealed necrotizing hepatitis with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the hepatocytes. Conclusion: This study provided evidence for the role of fowl adenoviruses as agents, causing this clinical disease in Iran and indicated the importance of accurate diagnosis and prevention in the meat-type flocks.}, Keywords = {Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH), Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 11, Breeder, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {7-12}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.7}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-102-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Alavi-Esfahani, MA and Fotouhi-Chahooki, F and Saleh, M and Tavakoli, R and Farahmand, B and Ghaemi, A and Tavassoti-Kheiri, M}, title = {Over Expression of Influenza Virus M2 Protein in Prokaryotic System}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Influenza A virus of Orthomyxoviridae family is able to create pandemic influenza. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infection. Matrix protein 2 (M2) is a homotetramer ion channel with 97 amino acids length and highly conserved among influenza viruses and is considered for development of a universal influenza vaccine. Materials and Methods: We present here cloning and expression of influenza A virus M2 protein as a fusion with 6-His tag in Escherichia coli BL21 strain. The gene was amplified by PCR and ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a. The expression of M2 protein was induced by IPTG and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The desired protein was purified with affinity chromatography on a Ni-TED resin column and has to be evaluated in animal models for further studies. Results: The results of sequencing showed that M2 gene was cloned in pET28a properly in frame to histidine tag and the product was confirmed by xpreimmune reaction of monoclonal anti-M2 antibody to recombinant M2 in western blotting. Conclusion: This study might provide a basis for production of a universal and broad-spectrum human influenza vaccine.}, Keywords = {M2 Protein, Influenza Virus, Vaccine, pET28}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {13-19}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.13}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-103-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Jafari, E and Mohammadi, A and Arabzadeh, SAM and Esna-Ashari, F and Sadigh, ZA and Shokri, GhR and Shahbazi, R and Foroughi, A}, title = {Evaluation of Cell Mediated Immunity following Rubella Vaccination Using Lymphocyte Proliferation}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Rubella is predominantly a childhood disease that is endemic throughout the world and when rubella outbreaks occur, they are accompanied by birth defects following congenital rubella syndrome. Immunity to rubella virus as a teratogenic agent has an important role for prevention of these serious congenital defects. Lymphocyte proliferation assay is a way for investigation of human cell-immunity and its ability against rubella infection. Materials and Methods: The blood samples were obtained in sodium heparin tubes. Ficoll was added to separate lymphocytes. The cells were cultured with RPMI 1640 medium with 15% calf serum in microplates and incubating at 37°C in 3-5% CO2. Mitogens including Phytohemagglutinin and rubella hemagglutinin antigen (derived Takahashi strain) were added, separately. Then a fluorescent nucleotide was added. On day 10th-11th the wells stained and observed. Results: Lymphocytes stimulated with the mitogens were observed directly with an inverted microscope. Their aggregation and growth were detected after two days. Also lymph proliferation was shown using labeled nucleotide comprising a new fluorophore, by fluorescent microscopy. Response to full particle of attenuated virus was better than antigens derived from different parts of the virus. Conclusion: Comparison of the data with previous studies on proliferation of specific lymphocytes in response to rubella vaccination confirms our results. Thus cell-immunity to rubella infection was activated timely, in individuals who were vaccinated against rubella virus approximately 10 years before or exposed to it, but the intensity of responses to different antigens varied in each subject.}, Keywords = {Rubella, Vaccination, Cell-Mediated Immunity, Fluorescence Microscopy}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {20-26}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.20}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Mirshafiee, H and Hosseini, SM and Sharifi, Z and Latifi, H and Yari, F and Nikbakht, H and Elikaei, A}, title = {Induction of Nucleic Acid Damage in Viral Genomes Using Riboflavin in Combination with UV Light}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Despite the screening of blood donors, blood transfusion represents an ideal port of entry for blood-borne infection. Blood-borne pathogen transmission has been a concern since the earliest days of transfusion. The blood product of platelet (PLT) concentrates is still faced with the risk of bacterial and viral contaminations. Pathogen inactivation technologies offer a proactive approach and the potential to further improve blood safety. Here we study the pathogen inactivating capacity of riboflavin with UV light treatment in platelet concentrates contaminated with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Materials and Methods: The inactivation effects of riboflavin in combination with UV light was examined on Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Polio virus classified as enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. After spiking viruses in PLT concentrate, treatment was undertaken with riboflavin (50 µM) and exposed to different doses of UV light. Residual viral infectivity was titrated using 50%Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID50). Results: Combination of Riboflavin and UV light treatment reduced the titer of HSV, VSV and Poliovirus with different doses of UV light. Log reduction of HSV with UV doses of 0.82, 1.63, 2.44 and 3.25 J/cm2 was 0.5, 1.3, 3.5 and 3.8, respectively. Log reduction of VSV for 0.82, 1.63, 2.44 and 3.25 J/cm2was 2.8, 3.8, 4.6 and 5.6, respectively. Also, log reduction of poliovirus for 0.82, 1.63, 2.44 and 3.25 J/cm2was 1.7, 2.5, 2.7 and 3.1 respectively. Conclusion: The final dose of UV (3.25 J/cm2) resulted in a larger amount of viral inactivation for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, suspended in PLT. This method offers a potential to be used for prevention of the majority of PLT transfusion-associated viral pathogens.}, Keywords = {Riboflavin, UV Light, Platelet Concentrate, Virus Inactivation}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.27}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-105-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Majidzadeh-A, K and Soleimanidor, M and Morovvati, A and Karimi, V and Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi, A}, title = {Molecular Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Live Bird Market of Qom City in Iran}, abstract ={No abstract this article:Molecular Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Live Bird Market of Qom City in Iran}, Keywords = {Avian Influenza, Live Bird Market, Qom}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {33-34}, publisher = {Iranian Society for Virology}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.21859/isv.6.4.33}, url = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-106-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Virology}, issn = {1735-5680}, eissn = {2588-5030}, year = {2012} }