ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is responsible for several significant human viral diseases, with severity ranging from subclinical to fatal infection. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) infections are more commonly seen in association with the genitalia and surrounding areas, and can be transmitted to newborns during childbirth. Generalized infections in newborns are also predominantly HSV2. Therefore, due to the increasing HSV2 infections especially subclinical in women, the need to diagnose herpes simplex virus infections has increased. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the passive haemagglutination (PHA) test was applied to determine the titer of Anti-HSV2 antibodies. Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were treated with tannic acid at concentration of 0.002% and sensitized with HSV2 that had been propagated in HeLa cells. The tannic acid treated and HSV2 sensitized SRBCs were added to U-shaped 96 wells microtiter plates which contained serial dilutions of patient’s sera. Furthermore, serum neutralization test (SNT) was applied as a gold standard to determine the specificity and sensitivity of PHA test. Results: The results of PHA were examined after one hour incubation at 37°C. The endpoint was the highest dilution of serum which gave positive agglutination and compaired with serum neutralization test (SNT as a gold standard to determine the specificity and sensitivity of PHA test. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 100 pregnant women and evaluated by both SNT and PHA tests. The specificity and sensitivity of PHA test were 92.68%, and 100% respectively. The results indicated that PHA test was easy, rapid and inexpensive but also had acceptable sensitively and specificity. Conclusion: PHA test can be used to determine the level of Anti-HSV2 antibodies and the rate of infection in pregnant women which could be an indication of infection and the risk of transmitting herpes to the newborn. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf 2014-11-07 1 5 10.21859/isv.5.4.1 Herpes Simplex virus type 2 passive haemagglutination test serum neutralization test M Nejati 1 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR H Soleimanjahi 2 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR MH Roostaee 3 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR B Pourhossein 4 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent influenza infection. Among the available vaccines, cold-adapted live-virus vaccines are suitable approach that have been produced and evaluated for recent years in few countries. The goal of this project was to derivate a cold adapted variant of the influenza A/New Caledonia/20/1999(H1N1). Materials and Methods: Influenza A/New Caledonia/20/1999(H1N1) was adapted to grow at 25°C by gradually decreasing the incubation temperature through the sequential passages in embryonic eggs. The viral genome extracted from the starting seed and the last round of passage at 25°C was amplified by RT-PCR. The amplified cDNA fragments were subjected to sequencing determination bi-directionally. Sequence data were aligned to find mutated positions. Results: Sequence analysis showed totally six cases of point mutations that five of them resulted in amino acid substitutions and one of them was a silent mutation. These substitutions of one amino acid occurred in PB2, PA, NP proteins and two amino acid changes in HA protein sequence. Conclusion: The variant of cold adapted strain made here could be used as a master donor to generate attenuated reassortant influenza vaccine viruses. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf 2014-11-07 6 10 10.21859/isv.5.4.6 Influenza Viruses Type A cold adapted vaccine analysis Z Goodarzi 1 Applied Virology Research Center, Baqyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR F Behzadian 2 Research Center for Sciences and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR E Saberfar 3 Applied Virology Research Center, Baqyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of herpesviruses. It is one of the most common cause of congenital and prenatal infections. CMV infection of pregnant women, especially in the first trimester may lead to congenital abnormalities in the newborns. The prevalence of CMV infection in developed countries is about 40% and in developing countries may be 100%. Because there is no information related to the epidemiology of this infection in Khorramabad city, this study was done to determine the seroprevalence rate of the infection and its associated risk factors in pregnant women who referred to the health care centers of this city in 2008. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 240 pregnant women. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. About 3 ml of blood was taken from each patient. Aliquots of serum samples were stored at -20°C until analyzed. The presence of anti-CMV Specific antibodies was assessed by enzyme immunoassays. Data were analyzed by fisher's exact test and χ2 test using SPSS software version 11.5. Results: Mean age of cases was 26 years and varied between 15-40 years. CMV IgG was found in 217 cases (90.6%) out of 240 cases. 97 people (86%) of the cases who were pregnant for the first time were positive regarding to CMV-IgG. In women who had 1-3 or more than 3 deliveries, this rate was 94% and 100% respectively. There was a significant relationship between the number of deliveries and the positive result of the test (CMV-IgG). There were no significant relationship between age, abortion history and number, education level and the stage of pregnancy with test result (p>0.05). Conclusion: As in other developing countries, the prevalence rate of CMV infection in pregnant women in Khorramabad was high. Since the infection is prevalent and the potential abnormalities associated with it, it is highly recommended to expand preventive measures and inform population how to prevent the infection and associated consequences. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf 2014-11-07 11 16 10.21859/isv.5.4.11 Cytomegalovirus Seroepidemiology Enzyme immunoassays Khorramabad M Delfan-Beiranvand 1 Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Khorramabad, Iran AUTHOR A Sheikhian 2 Department of Immunology, Lorestan University of medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran AUTHOR M Birjandi 3 Department of Biostatistics, Lorestan University of medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran AUTHOR M Fazeli 4 Virology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: lamivudine is amongst the antiviral for drug chronic hepatitis B treatment. During therapy with lamivudine, variants may emerge with YMDD mutation in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region of polymerase gene. This mutation might have a role in drug resistant for HBV. Materials and Methods: HBV DNA extraction from serum sample of 88 patients, were subjected to nested PCR for surface gene that overlaps the RT region of polymerase. Then, direct sequencing was carried out on the PCR products to identify the possible mutation. Results: 32 samples were positive for PCR. Direct sequencing analysis showed point mutations in YMDD motif in 9 (28%) of the specimens. These mutations were I/V replacing for the wild type (M). Also, there were some compensatory mutations within the overlapping surface gene. Conclusion: Mutations inside YMDD motifs may influence drug attachment to the virus, hence causing drug-resistance. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf 2014-11-07 17 20 10.21859/isv.5.4.17 Lamivudine HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) Drug Resistant E Fakhari 1 Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran AUTHOR M Norouzi 2 Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR SM Jazayeri 3 Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), which is an acute and highly contagious disease of the respiratory and sometimes the urogenital tracts of chickens. In Iran, the disease has been identified in chicken flocks with serological and virus isolation methods. Gene 3c (E) encode envelop (small membrane) protein. For envelope protein tree functions has been determined:1) Pivotal roles in virion assembly and morphogenesis 2) Induction of apoptosis and 3) Ion channel activity. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the E gene of genome fragment of 9 IBV field isolates from Iranian poultry farms were sequenced and compared with sequences from non-Iranian origin. Results: Results indicate that nucleotide homology among these isolates with E genes was between 80.1% to 100%. The results indicated that, we had 3 clades of IBV based on E gene in Iran: 4/91Like, Massachusetts and Gray Like. Conclusion: Most Iranian isolates were located in 4/91 clade. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that the circulating IBV strains in commercial flocks in Iran based on E gene were genetically diverse and underwent continuing evolution. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf 2014-11-07 21 28 10.21859/isv.5.4.21 Infectious Bronchitis Envelope Gene Iran Phylogenetic study A Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR V Karimi 2 Departments of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR M Hashemzadeh 3 Research and Production of Veterinary and Poultry Vaccines Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR O Madadgar 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR T Zahraee-Salehi 5 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR A Shojaee-Estabragh 6 QC Expert, Pasture Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE No abstract http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf 2014-11-07 29 31 10.21859/isv.5.4.29 Rotavirus Sapovirus Norovirus Childeren Gasteroenteritis M Parsa-Nahad 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR AR Samarbaf-Zadeh 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR M Makvandi 3 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Sh Jalilian 4 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Gh Kalvandi 5 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR F Sheikholeslami 6 Departments of Viral Vaccine Production, Production and Research Complex of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR R Pirmoradi 7 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR M Ajorloo 8 Departments of Viral Vaccine Production, Production and Research Complex of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR SHR Mozhgani 9 Departments of Viral Vaccine Production, Production and Research Complex of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR