ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Caspase Cleavage Motifs of Influenza Subtypes Proteins: Alternations May Switch Viral Pathogenicity Background and Aims: The caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. In this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. Materials and Methods: Amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from NCBI. The caspase cleavage motifs predicted at the three scanning P4P1, P4P2', and P14P10'–trained support vector machine classifier. Results: Data showed that H5N1 and H9N2 viruses were represented the same cleavage motif pattern for some of the viral proteins substrates. The HA, NP, and NS1 of H9N2 viruses were found to possess additional cleavage motifs from 2005, when an outbreak wave of H5N1 viruses was expanded through Asia. Conclusion: Moreover, the cleavage motif of PB1-F2 protein was differing in both subtypes. The results indicated that the caspase activity of PB1-F2 protein may be involve in the viral pathogenicity. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf 2015-05-22 1 6 10.21859/isv.7.3.1 Influenza virus subtypes Caspase Cleavage Motif pathogenicity Shahla Shahsavandi 1 Razi Vaccine and serum Research Institute, P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi 2 Razi Vaccine and serum Research Institute, P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Kaveh Sadeghi 3 Razi Vaccine and serum Research Institute, P.O. Box 31975-148, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Phylogenetic Study Based on the Gene of Attachment Protein (G) Avian Metapneumovirus from Broiler Breeder farm in Iran, 2013 Background and Aims: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is RNA virus responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry which is usually accompanied by secondary bacterial infections. In Iran, some molecular and serological studies indicated that aMPV infection occurred in commercial poultry industry. Materials and Methods: In this study aMPV was molecularly identified and characterized in an affected broiler breeder flock. The well-vaccinated flock was suffering from a disease with clinical signs and a drop in egg production. After RNA extraction from tracheal and oropharyngeal samples, the presence of viral RNA was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific to the attachment glycoprotein(G) gene. Positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic tree based on sequences results was drawn. Based on sequences analysis, field strain of aMPV was recovered from the flock. Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus (PCRLAB/HG2013) is located in B subtype cluster and is closely related to the aMPV strain that was previously detected in Iran (PCRLAB/HG2010) and other countries (Nigeria, Japan and Brazil). Conclusion: The results showed that field strain of aMPV has the potential to cause disease and economic losses in breeder broiler especially during egg production period. It is also concluded that vaccination against aMPV may not provide full protection in field situation and other control measurements including biosecurity should be taken. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf 2015-05-22 7 11 10.21859/isv.7.3.7 Avian metapneumovirus Iran Phylogenetic analysis Broiler Breeder Arash Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Hadi Haghbin-Nazarpak 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran AUTHOR Hossein Hosseini 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Evaluation of Seroconversion in Guinea Pigs Following Inoculation of New Formulations of Rubella Vaccine Background and Aims: Rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. Rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. Effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using suitable stabilizers. New stabilizers should be selected carefully in the manners that final product meet all requirements of stability, immunogenicity and safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of rubella vaccines that are formulated using two different new stabilizers in comparison to a commonly used vaccine that gelatin is used in it as a stabilizer. Materials and Methods: 28 guinea pigs were prospectively divided into four groups (one control and three test groups) according to the materials that they were subjected to receive, including the vaccines that formulated with hydrolyzed gelatin (G), Sorbitol (S) and Trehalose dehydrate (T) stabilizers. Control group was received sterile water for injection (WFI). Anti-rubella antibodies in the sera were measured using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique. The results were analyzed by Generalized Estimating equations (GEE) statistical test. Results: Our results showed that all three formulated vaccines (G, S and T) induced seroconversion in guinea pigs however the vaccine that contained Trehalose dehydrate (T) induced a slightly higher level of antibody against rubella virus (p<0.01). Conclusion: As an important part of final bulk of rubella vaccines, stabilizers are continuously studied to achieve safer, more stable and more effective vaccines. In this study, the immunogenicity of newly formulated rubella vaccines (T&S) was comparable to the vaccines which formulated with routine stabilizer (G). http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf 2015-05-22 12 16 10.21859/isv.7.3.12 Rubella virus haemagglutination inhibition (HI) Seroconversion S Shokri 1 Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR MK Shahkarami 2 Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR A Shafyi 3 Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR A Mohammadi 4 Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR F Esna-ashari 5 Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR A Hamta 6 Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Effect of the Commercial Mixed Live Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines and the Use of Two Separate Vaccines Given Simultaneously on Systemic Antibody Responses Background and Aims: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis vaccination programs in chickens. Materials and Methods and Results: In the present study, 225 day-old broiler chicks divided into 5 groups. The groups were submitted to vaccinations, except for the non-vaccinated control group. The chickens in the groups 1 were kept as a control group and did not receive vaccine. The chickens in the group 2 were vaccinated with commercial mixed vaccine. The chickens in the groups 3 were vaccinated with two separate vaccines simultaneously. The chickens in the group 4 were vaccinated with single ND vaccine. The chickens in the groups 5 were vaccinated with single IB vaccine. Sera were collected at 18 and 45 days of age and submitted to serologic tests to assess antibody levels. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that there is not any significant statistical difference between the vaccinated groups. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf 2015-05-22 17 21 10.21859/isv.7.3.17 Immune response Newcastle Disease Infectious Bronchitis Commercial mixed live vaccines (IBV+NDV) Broiler chicks Mansour Mayahi 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Forough Talazadeh 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Hamid Aslahi 3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Adenovector Mediated Inflammation in Mice Liver Boosted by Hydrodynamic Injection Background and Aims: Adenovector gene transfer induces inflammatory response that finally leads to vector removal from delivered site. The effect of hydrodynamic pre-injection on Adenovector mediated liver inflammation remained elusive. Materials and Methods: Different mice groups were pre-treated by hydrodynamic saline, dexamethasone or nothing prior to Adeno-Luciferase administration. Their samples were collected in 18 hours later and serum IL-1β level as a marker of inflammation was quantified. Also, liver histological assessment was performed to score the inflammatory grade. Results and Conclusion: In spite of dexamethasone group, both hydrodynamic/Ad-Luc and Ad-Luc receiving groups induced the expression of IL-1β cytokine (p<0.05). The pathological views also indicated more inflammation and necrosis inside the different zones of liver tissue in these two adenovector injected groups. These results emphasized that Adenovector served as a suitable inflammatory model and hydrodynamic injection enhances this kind of inflammation. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf 2015-05-22 22 26 10.21859/isv.7.3.22 Hydrodynamic injection Adenoviral vector Inflammation Fatemeh Rezaei 1 GastroenteroHepatology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR Seyed Younes Hosseini 2 GastroenteroHepatology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR Ameneh Pakniat 3 Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR Bit Geramizadeh 4 Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR Mohammadreza Fattahi 5 GastroenteroHepatology AUTHOR Narges Nejabat 6 GastroenteroHepatology Research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR Farhad Koohpeyma 7 Endocrine and metabolism research center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Detection of Human Coronavirus NL63 in a 28 Days Old Newborn in Iran No abstract this article: Detection of Human Coronavirus NL63 in a 28 Days Old Newborn in Iran http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf 2015-05-22 27 28 10.21859/isv.7.3.27 Human Coronavirus NL63 i Mojdeh Sultani 1 Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Talat Mokhtari-Azad 2 Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Jila Yavarian 3 Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR