ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Several studies have shown that there is greater number of viruses in deep periodontal pockets than in normal gingival sulcus. We also know that virus may have an important role in induction of Il-1β secretion by different human cells. In this study we intended to determine the capacity of Herpes simplex virus type 1 to stimulate Il-1β secretion in human gingival keratinocytes. Materials and Methods: primary gingival keratinocytes were obtained from samples extracted during crown lengthening surgical procedure. The cells were cultured in 24 well flasks and stimulated by one of these stimulants: LPS, HSV1, LPS+HSV1 and LPS+ATP. After incubation and collecting the supernatants, the amount of secreted Il-1β was measured by ELISA technique. Results: none of the stimulants were able to cause significant amount of Il-1β secretion in any of the incubation times.   Conclusion: It seems that HSV1 does not have the capacity to induct IL-1β secretion as a single factor alone or in combination with bacterial LPS. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf 2016-02-17 1 5 10.21859/isv.8.4.1 Inflammasome HSV1 IL-1b Lipopolysaccharide gingival keratinocytes S Yaghobee 1 Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR A Khorsand 2 Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR H Safari 3 Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran AUTHOR A Ataei-Pirkooh 4 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR HR Monavvari hrmonavari@yahoo.com 5 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Natural killer T (NKT) cells have been suggested to play critical roles in a wide range of immune responses especially against hepatotropic pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). In  the  present  study,  we  investigated  the  status  of  NKT  cells  by producing interleukin-17 cytokine in  peripheral  blood.  Patients and Methods: As case-control study, 15 patients with chronic HCV infection and healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. We was determined the serum and peripheral blood IL-17 levels after activating by based on Galactosylceramid and IL-2 then the IL-17 level was measured by Enzyme-linked immunisorbentassey (ELISA) methods. Results: Plasma level of IL-17 in patients with chronic infection did not differ compared to the control group (5.5±2.4 vs. 6.2±1.2 pg/ml p=0.5). The level of supernatant IL-17 was significantly increased in both Galactosylceramid-IL-2-stimulated PBMCs than control group that ratio IL-17 after 72 h was higher than other times. The plasma level of IL-17 in HCV 3a-infected patients was higher than 1a-type patients that this difference was not significant (6±2.5 vs. 4.8±2.5 p=0.45). Conclusion: As the recent data, the roles of NKT cells in human liver injury and fibrosis remain unknown. However, the precise role of NKT cells in HCV patients as this play a role in innate immune responses in the liver in higher samples was performed.  http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf 2016-02-17 6 11 10.21859/isv.8.4.6 NKT cells hepatitis C virus Th17 cells Ahmad Najafi ahmad.najafi.2012@gmail.com 1 Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR Ali Shams alis743@yahoo.com 2 Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani a.ahmadi.tums.ac@gmail.com 3 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Amir Hossein Mansourabadi ahvasmehjani@gmail.com 4 Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious illnesses of chickens. Live vaccines are widely used to prevent chicken from the disease all over the world. To access the effective and potentiate ND vaccine, a homogenous subpopulation from LaSota strain was selected following cultivation of the virus on primary chicken embryofibroblast (CEF) cells. Pathogenicity indices and molecular characterization of a several plaques at 3rd passage were analyzed and then the selected clone was candidate for vaccine development. ND vaccine was prepared according to the standard protocols. The immunogenicity of the live vaccine was examined in specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chickens. The geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers induced in chickens vaccinated with the cloned vaccine were not significantly differ than those induced in chickens vaccinated with the similar ND clone vaccine. Efficacy of the ND vaccine was estimated against the virus challenge. The result indicates the ability of the cloned vaccine to confer a complete protection against NDV. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-173-en.pdf 2016-02-25 12 19 10.21859/isv.8.4.12 Newcastle disease virus LaSota clone purification live vaccine MM Ebrahimi 1 Department of Poutry Vaccines Research and Production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR S Shahsavandi 2 Department of Poutry Vaccines Research and Production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR H Famil-Ghadakchi 3 Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Nourthwest Branch, Mashhad, Iran AUTHOR S Masoudi 4 Department of Poutry Vaccines Research and Production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR N Ghodsian 5 Department of Quality Control of Biological Products, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR SR Ebrahimi 6 Department of Poutry Vaccines Research and Production, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR M Abdoshah 7 Department of Quality Control of Biological Products, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Abstract Background and Aims: To identify and isolation of viruses a susceptible cell is need which can be primary or line. The use of primary cells is laborious, time consuming and expensive, while the use of cell lines is much easier and faster. IRKHBK cell line was originated from primary cells of bovine kidney by continuous passage. The aim of this study was to introduce the IRKHBK cell line for isolation, propagation and diagnosis of animal viruses. Material and Methods: Samples of the infected animals, such as the lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs and blood were used for virus isolation. Primary BK cell and IRKHBK cell line cultures were inoculated with the prepared samples simultaneously under the same conditions. Identification of the isolated viruses was carried out with virus neutralization test using standard antibodies. Results: Bovine Herpes Virus-1, Parainfluenza-3, Bovine viral diarrhea, and Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus were easily isolated and propagated in IRKHBK cells. The viral titer was higher in IRKHBK cell line compared to the primary BK cell. The IRKHBK cell line also showed considerable susceptibility in serological tests.   Conclusion: The results show that IRKHBK cell line can be used for virus isolation, detection and propagation. This cell line can be used for animal and human viruses’ research studies and also other pathogens that are able to grow in the cell culture. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf 2016-08-26 20 24 10.21859/isv.8.4.20 IRKHBK Cell line Virus Isolation Primary Cell Culture ‎ Shahin Masoudi s.masoudi@rvsri.ac.ir 1 Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Hepatitis C is a blood-borne virus that causes a liver inflammation. The prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) in hemodialysis patients is more than the general population. Periodic screening of HCV in dialysis centers is necessary to control this viral disease.  The aim of this study is the evaluation of HCV infection among hemodialysis patients living in Yazd province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, two milliliters blood sample has been taken from each of 188 hemodialysis patients. Third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-PCR methods were carried out for detecting HCV antibody and viral genome in patient sera. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were collected and data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS software v.19. Results: HCV-Ab was positive in 12 hemodialysis patients. Eight cases had a history of blood transfusion and four patients had a history of kidney transplantation. Anyone didn’t have a history of skin tattooing or intravenous drug usage. HCV-RNA was positive in 4 cases and was negative in 8 patients with positive HCV-Ab. Conclusion: HCV prevalence using ELISA and RT-PCR tests among hemodialysis patients living in Yazd provenance of Iran is 6.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Risk factors are the hemodialysis duration (p<0.001) and kidney transplantation (p=0.005). http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf 2017-01-08 25 30 10.21859/isv.8.4.25 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Hepatitis C Renal Dialysis M Baghbanian 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR AA Karimi-Bondarabadi 2 Research Center of Hematology & Oncology and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR M Doosti 3 Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR M Shayestehpour 4 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR H Salmanroghani 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR H Keyvani 6 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR S Dastamouz 7 Research Center of Hematology & Oncology and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR A Ahmadi 8 Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran AUTHOR Z Moallemi 9 Dr Infection and tropical disease. Infection and tropical disease research center Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR M Shahidokht 10 Department of pathology Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran AUTHOR

REVIEW_ARTICLE Abstract Acute diarrhea with severe dehydration has been a major worldwide cause of death in children younger than 5 years of age. Etiological studies of gastroenteritis have shown that rotavirus causes 40–50% of acute diarrhea among infants and children in both developing and developed nations. Numerous epidemiologic studies in the US and the World Health Organization have documented the clinical importance and high prevalence of severe rotavirus disease. The main aim of this review is to provide readers a snapshot of epidemiologic and clinical features of rotavirus diarrhea and identify epidemiologic patterns that would specifically define rotavirus disease based on studies done primarily by the CDC and Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Every year, rotavirus causes 111million episodes of gastroenteritis in three clinical settings (mild cases requiring home care, clinic visit in moderate cases, and hospitalization for severe cases). Regarding high frequency of rotavirus infection among children aged <5 years old, development of rotavirus vaccines and prevention programs will reduce the morbidity of Rotavirus diseases that will require better-quality surveillance of rotavirus disease burden among children worldwide.  http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf 2016-05-01 31 39 10.21859/isv.8.4.31 Child mortality Epidemiology Gastroenteritis Morbidity Rotavirus Vaccines Mahmoud Shamsi-Shahrabadi Mshahrabadi@hotmail.com 1 Virology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Elham Ahmadi e.ahmadi@modares.ac.ir 2 Virology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR