ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Abstract Background and Aims: The human papilloma virus was introduced as the major etiological agent in outbreak of cervical cancer in 1970. Since it is very difficult to recognize these viruses and their types using the serological tests and cell culture, molecular methods such as PCR are of great importance. Therefore, in this study, our goal was to use a multiple specific PCR assay on L1 and E6 genes of HPV for molecular detection of this virus and its common type’s detection in the society. Materials and Methods: After collecting the samples from malignant lesions of various patients, the viral DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks of 50 clinical samples and the PCR method was performed on the mentioned samples by specific primers for L1 and E6 genes together with β-globin (as internal control). The PCR product was analyzed on 2℅ agarose gel and the sensitivity of this test was examined. Results: from among 50 samples of the patients, 33 cases were HPV positive and 17 ones were negative. The sensitivity of this test was 20 copies from recombinant construct containing target genes for each reaction. Conclusion: this study confirmed that the designed PCR with specific primers on L1 and E6 genes of HPV proved to be an accurate method for detecting and determining the HPV types. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf 2016-09-03 13 20 10.21859/isv.9.1.13 Cancer of cervix Human Papilloma Virus PCR Mohammad Reza Shafaati 1 Department of cellular & molecular biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR Elnaz Akhavan 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Damaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran AUTHOR Shahram Yazdani 3 Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Saeed Mobini 4 Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mostafa Ebadi 5 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Semnan, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Abstract Background and Aims: Medical students are exposed to various infectious diseases during their clinical training period, including measles and rubella. In Iran, to control the outbreaks of measles and rubella a mass vaccination campaign was conducted on 2003. The present investigation evaluates Immunity to measles and rubella in a group of Babol medical students and determines the prevalence of medical students susceptible to these infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 191 medical students (preclinical and clinical) from College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Babol University of Medical Sciences enrolled in this cross-sectional study. IgG antibodies for measles and rubella was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 60 (31.4%) students had insufficient measles immunity or were totally non-immune, whereas non-immune status to rubella was seen in 1 (0.5%) subject. Conclusion: This study showed insufficient measles immunity in a group of Babol medical students. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-185-en.pdf 2016-09-05 21 24 10.21859/isv.9.1.21 Measles Rubella Immunity Medical Students Babol Farzin Sadeghi sadeghifarzin6@gmail.com 1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Mahmoud Hajiahmadi mahmood.hajiii@gmail.com 2 Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Mohammad Abdollahpour abdolahhpoor@yahoo.com 3 Students Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR Yousef Yahyapour uyahyapoor@yahoo.com 4 Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. AUTHOR

CASE_STUDY Abstract Background and Aims: Apple scar skin disease (ASSD) is one of the destructive diseases of pome fruits which is caused by ASSVd. Case presentation: We report molecular detection of ASSVd in symptomatic apples cv. Red Delicious with simultaneous presence of a new variant of HSVd from Khorasan Razavi province. Conclusion: This is the first report on the association of HSVd with ASSVd in apple trees showing merely symptoms of apple dapple on the fruit. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf 2016-09-05 25 28 10.21859/isv.9.1.25 Apple Viroid Hop stunt Khorasan Ramtin Vamenani ramtin.vamenani@gmail.com 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, Sari, Iran AUTHOR H Rahimian 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, Sari, Iran AUTHOR SM Alavi 3 Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Genetic & Agriculture Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari, Iran AUTHOR B Borhani 4 Department of Plant Pathology, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University, Sari, Iran AUTHOR

SHORT_COMMUNICATION Abstract Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) are the causal agents of most important diseases of citrus. Previously we reported a novel variant of HSVd that constantly associated with the yellow corky vein disease. Here, 19 individual citrus leaves with yellow corky vein symptoms were sampled for CTV by ELISA. In this study, most symptomatic samples were found to be infected with CTV. Therefore mixed infection of CTV and HSVd may be, involve in appearance of yellow corky vein symptom in mentioned disease. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf 2017-02-08 29 30 10.21859/isv.9.1.29 Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) ELISA Seyed Ali Akbar Bagherian 1 Department of Horticultural sciences, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran AUTHOR