ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: CBLVd has been reported from northern of Iran previously. The aim of this study was evaluating new viroid variant from asymptomatic citrus trees of Fars province and comparing with its other isolates. Materials and Methods: In this study a number of citrus trees without symptoms were sampled and subjected to RNA extraction followed by RT-PCR, cloning and sequencing of PCR products. Molecular properties of viroid variants were compared. Results: A novel variant of CBLVd from Fars was achieved and used for comparison with a number of other CBLVd sequences from GenBank. It was shown that on the basis of sequence homology, CBLVd isolate from Fars province and two CBLVd isolates reported from Pakistan (Punjab) clustered in one group. It is supposed that these variants possibly will have same origin and probably imported from Pakistan to Iran by infected plant tissues or transplants. Conclusions: Therefore, we propose that the government regulates the importation of plants and plant products under the precise and rigorous authority of the plant protection institutes. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf 2017-05-05 1 7 10.21859/isv.10.1.1 Citrus viroids CBLVd phylogeny plant products importation Seyed Ali Akbar Bagherian 1 Department of Horticultural sciences, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background: Despite of isolation of Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) from the patients acquired prostate cancer in 2006 and patients with chronic fatigue syndrome in 2009, there have been controversial findings about its potential role in human diseases and frequencies in different population groups. In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequency of XMRV genome in Iranian HIV-infected patients for the first time. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of XMRV nucleic acid among 150 patients diagnosed with HIV infection from Tehran’s hospitals. After extracting the viral RNA from plasma samples, specimen's XMRV nucleic acid was amplified by Real-Time PCR, also HIV viral load testing was performed for all of the patients. Results: Out of 150 patients, XMRV RNA was found in 13 (8.6 %) patient's specimens, including 9 males (69/2%) and 4 females (30/8%). Average HIV viral load was 14471.92 and 17016.66 copies/ml in positive and negative XMRV patients, respectively. Conclusion: Our results has shown a presence of XMRV infection in HIV-infected patients. But no other significant association was observed between XMRV with gender, age and HIV viral load of the patients. However, more studies are needed to demonstrate the actual prevalence of XMRV infection by geographical regions and different populations.  http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf 2017-05-05 8 13 10.21859/isv.10.1.8 XMRV HIV Iran Real-Time PCR Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seyedeh Nasim Vasefi nvasefi874@gmail.com 1 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Farah Bokharaei-Salim bokharaeifarah@gmail.com 2 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Ahmad Tavakoli ahmad.tavakoli66@gmail.com 3 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Hossein Keyvani keyvanlab@yahoo.com 4 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Farahmand farahmandm@outlook.com 5 Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Helya Sadat Mortazavi med.virologist@gmail.com 6 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Seyed Hamidreza Monavari hrmonavari@yahoo.com 7 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Akabane virus is an arbovirus in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae that can affect ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats. This arthropod-borne virus is transmitted by either mosquitoes or midges and has been identified as a cause of outbreaks of reproductive disorders (abortions, premature births, and stillbirths) and congenital malformations (arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly and microencephaly) in cattle, sheep and goats. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Akabane virus infection in cattle from Khouzestan province, the Southwest of Iran.  Materials and Methods: In this study serum samples of 361 cow were randomly collected from 9 cities of Khouzestan province and were examined by commercial ELISA kite.  Results: Seroprevalence of Akabane virus infection was 85.87% (95% CI: 82.27-89.47%). Univariate statistical analysis showed that breed and age of cows (p<0.05) plus location and sex (p<0.001) are significantly associated with infection but history of recently abortion and type of management are not significantly associated with infection (p>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, sex, breed, history of recently abortion, type of management and location justify 30.7% of  infection fluctuations. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm that cattle in Khouzestan province are highly infected with Akabane virus. These findings call for continuous monitoring of the disease among ruminants in order to ascertain the actual burden and increase awareness of the disease. This will facilitate early detection and aid the development of appropriate control measures against the disease in this area. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf 2017-05-28 14 20 10.21859/isv.10.1.14 Akabane virus Epidemiology Serology Cattle Khouzestan Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni pourmahdim@scu.ac.ir 1 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Sadegh Karami Boldaji s_karamii@yahoo.com 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR MNohammad Rahim Haji Hajikolaei mhajih@scu.ac.ir 3 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR Masoud Reza Seifi Abad Shapouri masoudrs@scu.ac.ir 4 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of the life-threatening agents in immunosuppressed patients and congenitally infected neonates in the world. Mutations in UL27 were suggested to confer low- to high-grade Maribavir (MBV) resistance. As pUL27 R233S variation may involve in either MBV-resistance, we aimed to establish a method for identifying R233 coding sequence mutation. Materials and Methods: Eleven boiled-DNA extracts from 2000 congenitally CMV infected (cCMV) neonates urines were provided. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify R233 coding sequence. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), after selection of HhaI as a proper cutting enzyme at given site by NEBcutter server, was performed. PCR amplicons and digested samples were run on gel-electrophoresis for demonstration expected fragments. Results: Our result has proved that HhaI can cut UL27 containing wild type R233 coding sequence but not theR233 mutants. Among eleven clinical samples, one has shown R233 mutation, but other 10 samples had no variations by PCR-RFLP. Conclusions:  It seems that HhaI can be employed for molecular examination of HCMV UL27 R233 variations and this is the first report demonstrating that PCR-RFLP can be used to recognize CMV-pUL27 R233 mutation. Therefore, this work can open a new window for HCMV UL27 polymorphism analysis in the future. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf 2017-05-05 21 25 10.21859/isv.10.1.21 cCMV Maribavir pUL27 R233 mutation HhaI Alireza Mohebbi Mohebbi-a@goums.ac.ir 1 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Azam Mirarab azam.mirarab@yahoo.com 2 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Samira Eskandarian samiraeskandarian@yahoo.com 3 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Fariba Bagheriye f.bagheriye@gmail.com 4 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Nazanin Lorestani nazanin.lorestani@gmail.com 5 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Naeme Javid Naeme.javid@gmail.com 6 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR Alijan tabarraei tabarraei@goums.ac.ir 7 Golestan University of Medical Sciences AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Abstract Background: Many individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are asymptomatic, population-based serologic studies are needed to estimate the prevalence of  infection which will help to take necessary procedures for prevension and control the disease.This study was conducted to find out the prevalence, of HCV infection among patients refering to the  hospital care in rafsanjan, Iran. Methods: A total of 940 blood samples (430  males and 510 females) were received and  screened for hepatitis C infection during December 2015 to December 2016. After separation of serum from blood samples in local laboratory, All samples were tested for HCV Ag by ELISA tests. and Liver enzymes [Alkalin Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotrans­ferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were determined using biochemical procedures. Results: Among 940 collected samples, 18 (1.91%) were positive for HCV Ab. Among the positive ones HCV hepatitis was more prevalent ,in male patients, than the females. The prevalence rates of HCV  in male was 3.72% and 0.39% for female. Results related to age showed that higher rate of infection in 20-29 years old (%26.59), and the lowest was in the  above 80 years old group (0.31%). Of the three enzymes,only ALP was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.003). Conclusion: the prevalence of HCV in Rafsanjan was at an increasing rate. Findings from the current study will be helpful for the better management and control of viral hepatitis C infection. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf 2017-05-05 26 30 10.21859/isv.10.1.26 Prevalence Epidemiology Hepatitis C Maryam Fatemipour mfatemip@gmail.com 1 Department of Bactriology & Virology, University of Medical AUTHOR Bahareh Fatemipour drfatemib@gmail.com 2 . Aliebne Abitaleb Hospital,University of Medical Sciences of Rafsanjan,Iran AUTHOR Seyed Mehdi Vahedi drsmvahedi@gmail.com 3 University of Medical Sciences of Kerman,Iran AUTHOR Mahmood Shamsisharabadi mfatemip@gmail.com 4 Virology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

CASE_STUDY Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease which is not known to be endemic in Iran. Case Report: In October 2015, a 32-year-old Iranian woman was admitted with acute unexplained high-grade fever, headache, pain, rash, diarrhea, leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes after returning from India. Serological and molecular analysis for Dengue virus (DENV) infection revealed positive IgM, negative IgG and positive reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) Results: PCR product was sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis showed a DENV 2, genotype 4 strain with high similarity to other isolates reported from India. Conclusion: Considering that DENV is one of the most common infections among travelers, an integrated surveillance system is strictly recommended in dengue non endemic countries. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf 2017-01-05 31 34 10.21859/isv.10.1.31 Dengue virus Imported Infections India Iran. Vahid Baniasadi baniasadi.vahid@gmail.com 1 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri mostafavaziri1985@gmail.com 2 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Tahmineh Jalali jalalitahmineh@gmail.com 3 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Sanam Azad-Manjiri s.a_92@yahoo.com 4 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Tahereh Mohammadi tahereh.mohammadi12@gmail.com 5 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Sahar Khakifirouz sahar_khakifirouz@yahoo.com 6 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR Mehdi Fazlalipour mfp.virology@gmail.com 7 Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR