ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Fowl pox vaccine is produced in the Razi Institute for almost half a century and has a favorable and productive yield in poultry flocks and has provided complete satisfaction to the poultry breeder. In terms of comparing the efficacy of this vaccine with imported vaccines, the following research was conducted. Materials and Methods: In this study, based on the latest protocols of European Pharmacopeia and OIE, 100 SPF chicks were divided into five groups: the first group was given 20 SPF chickens at the age of 8 to 10 weeks of domestic vaccine (Razi Institute: Live attenuated (inoculation in the wing with the needle of the twin branches); also in the second to fourth group: to 60 SPF chicks (in three groups of 20) at the age of 8 to 10 weeks; imported vaccines (I, C and H) were injected. Finally, in the fifth group, 20 chicks were considered as controls and did not receive vaccine. Response of the immune system was observed 7 to 10 days after vaccination by observing nodules at the injection site (Takes reaction). At 21 days (three weeks), all four groups vaccinated with acute pathogenesis of fowl pox strain were challenged.  Chickens were observed daily for 21 days after vaccination and the results of vaccination immunization were evaluated and analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The results of the experiments indicated that after vaccination, 100% of the vaccinated chickens were positive by takes responses and after being challenged in four groups vaccinated in the Razi, I, C vaccines 100% and vaccine H, 95% of the immune responses were observed lesions in the Crown of the birds, and in the control group, there were symptoms of cartilage like in 100% of the birds. Conclusions: In general, according to the OIE standard, the above experiments showed that fowl pox vaccine Razi Institute induces high immunity and has efficacy similar to imported vaccines. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-364-en.pdf 2020-03-31 1 8 Efficiency fowl pox vaccine Razi institute challenge test Bahman khalesi kha;esi20022002@yahoo.com 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi mm.ebrahimi@rvsri.ac.ir 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Naser Ghodsian Ghodsian2001@gmail.com 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Quality control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Amir Kaffashi Amkaffashi@yahoo.com 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Avian Diseases Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Mohammadkazem Shahkarami Shahkarami961@yahoo.com 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Research and Production of medical Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR Mir Saeed Ebrahimzadeh Sr.Ebrahimi2001@yahoo.com 6 Master of Science in Laboratory, Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: IFN beta-1a is a recombinant protein which reduces the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosisdisease. The purpose of this study was comparison the effects of gamma irradiation and acid pH methods on the biological attributes of recombinant protein IFN beta-1a in order to viral inactivation. Materials and Methods: Methods: IFN beta was produced by recombinant-DNA in CHO Cell line which include human IFN beta gene and divided in two parts. The acidity of one part was adjusted about pH=4 by hydrochloric acid and incubated two hours, then was returned back to initial pH=7 by NaoH (1 M). The second part was irradiated by a Nordian model 220 gamma irradiator, with different doses: 10, 25 and 50 kGy. The prepared samples with both methods were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Results: The HPLC indicated decreasing in purity and protein content of gamma irradiated samples, whereas these properties for the acidic pH treated sample was the same as the standard sample. Aggregation of gamma irradiated IFN beta-1a protein and increasing of the protein molecular weight were shown by SDS-PAGE, but it was without any change in molecular weight (22.5 KDa) at acidic pH sample. Also, decreasing of IFN beta antiviral activity through decreasing its concentration has been shown via antiviral assay. Conclusions: Conclusion: The low pH method can be used for viral inactivation without any change in structure and biological activity of IFN beta-1a but the results indicated differences between the irradiated and standard samples, whereas the acidic pH treated sample was the same as the standard. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-365-en.pdf 2020-03-31 9 15 Interferon Beta-1a Gamma Irradiation Low pH Viral Inactivation Biological Activity Farahnaz Motamedi-Sedeh farah.motamedi@gmail.com 1 Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Moazen Street, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-9670 Sayed Mohammad Rasoulinejad-Mousavi smr_622003@yahoo.com 2 Department of Mirobiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Life Science and Biotechnology Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6457-3682 Masoomeh Sharbatdaran msharbatdaran@yahoo.com 3 Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-0077 Arash Arbabi 4 School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is as a type C retrovirus, which was first isolated from a patient with Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Approximately 10-20 million people are infected by HTLV-1 virus worldwide, but only 5-10% of them develop clinical manifestations such as Acute-T lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), uveitis, and infective dermatitis. Indinavir was the first protease inhibitor used for treating HIV-1. It has some activity on HTLV-1, but it is not fully able to inhibit the HTLV-1 protease. Nowadays, design and construction of novel pharmacophore compounds can serve as an appropriate replacement for Indinavir.  Materials and Methods: In the present research, we used bioinformatics studies, to evaluate the potential role of four novel pharmacophres with inhibitory function on HTLV-1 protease, so called KMI pharmacophores (Keikha Modified Indinavir). Results: After a detailed structural analysis of each of them, it seems all four designed phamacophores, (especially KMI-3) could be more effective on HTLV-1 protease than Indinavir. Conclusions: According to exact in silico evaluations of each four pharmacophores, KMI-3 demonstrated a potential for its use on treatment of HTLV-1 infections.  http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-366-en.pdf 2020-03-31 16 23 HTLV-1 Protease Indinavir Molecular docking masoud youssefi youssefim@mums.ac.ir 1 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Antimicrobial Resistance Research center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936 kiarash ghazvini ghazvinik@mums.ac.ir 2 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Antimicrobial Resistance Research center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR Carlos Brites abba@gmail.com 3 LAPI, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia, Department of Medicine, Complexo Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936 Mohsen Karbalaei abba@gmail.com 4 Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936 masoud keikha masoud.keykha90@gmail.com 5 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Antimicrobial Resistance Research center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Epstein–Barr virus is primarily the cause of acute infectious mononucleosis and can also cause lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells, which are a unique subset of ThCD4+ cells, direct the infection toward inflammation through production of inflammatory cytokine IL-17. In contrast, Treg Foxp3 cells inhibit inflammation through secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, leading to chronic infection. Materials and Methods: As IL-17 and IL-10 play a key role in determining the acute and chronic state of the disease, in this study, by evaluating the levels of IL-17 and IL-10 and their ratio using qRT-PCR in 10 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis and 10 healthy individuals as negative control, we investigated the correlation between production of these immune factors and the disease. After collecting 5 ml blood samples from patients and healthy individuals, PBMC culture, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, qRT-PCR, and statistical analysis were performed. Results and Conclusions: The results showed a significant increase in the level of IL-17 and a significant decrease in the level of IL-10 in the patients compared to healthy subjects and consequently an increased IL-17 to IL-10 ratio. Therefore, future treatment strategies might be established which are capable of preventing reactivation of the virus and development of tumors and autoimmune diseases. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-362-en.pdf 2020-03-31 24 28 EBV interleukin-10 interlukin-17 infectious mononucleosis. Nasrin Shiralizade nasrin.shiralizadeh45@gmail.com 1 Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR Mehrdad Ravanshad ravanshad@modares.ac.ir 2 Tarbiat Modares University, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-2481

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: Avian pox infection is a widespread disease with cyclical occurrence in endemic areas, especially in areas with dense poultry production. An outbreak of poxvirus infecting commercial laying herd in Esfahan, Iran, is reported. The current study attempted to realize if new isolate has been emerged and, if so what the difference is and how it has appeared. Materials and Methods: The chickens were previously vaccinated against pox. Avipoxvirus was isolated by PCR analysis of specimens taken from the infected skin lesions and mucosal tissues (trachea). Results: Sequencing and alignment of the amplified P4b gene of the avipox showed 100% similarity to the FP/NobilisVariole W (vaccine) and fowlpox virus vaccine strain (FPV-VR250). The Iranian avipoxvirus isolates in this study grouped in clade A1 with other Iranian commercial chicken avipoxviruses. Conclusions: This research is the latest report of APVs outbreak in a commercial laying herd in Iran. It seems indispensable to investigate vaccines' efficacy, which is being used in Iranian commercial laying herd routinely to illuminate whether these vaccines have appropriate efficacy or not and are they still effective? We intended to update the viral monitoring system as to country livestock and poultry. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-367-en.pdf 2020-03-31 29 34 Avipoxvirus Phylogenetic analysis vaccine PCR Iran Fatemeh Sadat Mousavi fatememousavi7715@gmail.com 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi arashghalyanchi@gmail.com 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Hamed Abdollahi Dr.Abdollahidvm@gmail.com 3 Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Hossein Hosseini hosseini.ho@gmail.com 4 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Ali Rajeoni ahrscience@gmail.com 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Leila Aghayian mahsaaghaee@gmail.com 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Mohammadreza Ghorani ghoranimr@gmail.com 7 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Bahram Gholamian ghalyanchilab@gmail.com 8 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Amir Modiri amirmodiri72@gmail.com 9 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Naser Sadri naser.sadri@ymail.com 10 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276 Zahra Ziafati Kafi zahra.ziafati@gmail.com 11 Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-1276

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Background and Aims: The  ability  of  the  reovirus  to  destroy  various  cancer  cells  in  vitro  and,  the  success  of  the  virus  in  conducting  clinical  trial  phases  of  cancer  therapy  has  attracted  the  attention  of  researchers  toward  the  virus.  One  of  the  main  needs  for  the  investigation  of  the  viral  effects  and  the  virus-host  cell  interaction  is  preparation  of  the  purified  virus.  Most  of  the  protocols  have  been  based  on  the  use  of  suspended  cell  culture  equipment  that  normally  does  not  exist  in  the  research  laboratories.  We  optimized  a  virus  purification  method  that  was  based  on  using  cell  culture  flask  and  adherent  cells. Materials and Methods: L-929 cells were used for reovirus propagation.  After sufficient CPE, the cells were collected and pelleted.  Using  Vertrel-XF  treatment  and  ultracentrifugation  on  the  cesium  chloride  (CsCl)  gradient,  purified  reovirus  was  obtained.  It  was  subsequently  concentrated  by  filtration  using  a  100kDa  Amicon  unit.  Finally,  infectivity  and  the  number  of  purified  human  reoviruses  were  evaluated  by  plaque  assay. The  band  of  purified  human  reovirus  was  aspirated  form  the  ultracentrifugation  tube  and  then  was  dialysed  and  concentrated  by  filtration  in  Amicon  unit.  The  titer  of  purified  human  reovirus  was  determined to be  3×1012  PFUs/ml. Results: In  present  study,  we  established  a  protocol  for  the  purification  of  human  reovirus  without  need  for  equipment  of  suspension  cell  culture.  Conclusions: Although,  the  time-consuming  dialysis  procedure  was  removed  from  the  end  of  the  work  and  replaced  with  a  rapid  and  simple  filtration  method,  the  high  titer  of  purified  human  reovirus  was  acquired.    http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-368-en.pdf 2020-03-31 35 40 oncolytic virus reovirus virus purification CsCl gradient. Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard mojtaba_hamidifard@yahoo.com 1 Hepatitis & AIDS department, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-3590 Angila Ataei-Pirkooh ataei.a@iums.ac.ir 2 Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-5690 Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi mrasadeghi@pasteur.ac.ir 3 Hepatitis & AIDS department, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-0774 Reihaneh Kazemi re.kazemi71@gmail.com 4 Hepatitis & AIDS department, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-023x

SHORT_COMMUNICATION Background and Aims: Poultry vaccines are intensively used to prevent and control infectious poultry diseases. The aim of vaccination is to reduce the occurrence of clinical disease. Several factors affect vaccination programmers which emphasize the crucial responsibility of person designing the vaccination program. There are limited studies evaluating the knowledge and attitude of veterinarians toward veterinary vaccination. A veterinarian working in veterinary vaccine supplier and administrator centers have a significant role in assisting farmers and poultry owners for vaccination and disease control decisions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception, knowledge, and attitude of a veterinarian regarding poultry vaccination. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 31 centers in different provinces of Iran. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. The analysis revealed that most of the veterinarians are highly familiar with veterinary vaccines, vaccination programs, side effects and effect of maternal antibody on vaccination. However, most of them believed that poultry owners have low knowledge about vaccination and decided to put the opinion of poultry owners in low priority during decision making. Effectiveness of the vaccine and scientific evaluation of new vaccine was the main criteria for choosing a vaccine for the herd. Most respondents believed that proper vaccination program and matching between field and vaccine are the main factors for successful vaccination. Furthermore, they believed that the most effective route of vaccination for ND, IBD, and IB are eye drop, drinking water and spray respectively. Further evaluation of poultry owners regarding their knowledge of vaccination is recommended. http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf 2020-03-31 41 45 Poultry Vaccination Veterinarians Iran. mohammad hossein fallah Mehrabadi mhf2480@yahoo.com 1 Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-7771 Arash Ghalyanchilangeoudi arashghalyanchi@gmail.com 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7914-0863 hossein hosseini hosseini.ho@gmail.com 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-621x reza Esmaeelzadeh dizaji rezaesmailzade@rocketmail.com 4 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9044-1659 Seyed Jamal emami sj.emami22@gmail.com 5 Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-2121 azin takalou azin.takalloo@gmail.com 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-6785 fatemeh moradi dvm.moradi71@gmail.com 7 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-6152 Ali Hojabr Rajeoni ahrscience@gmail.com 8 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-7536 niusha Hajizamani Niushahajizamani@yahoo.com 9 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-2039 Mahsa Aghaeean Mahsaaghaee@gmail.com 10 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6034-2801

OTHERS_CITABLE http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-363-en.pdf 2020-03-31 46 49 masoud keikha masoud.keykha90@gmail.com 1 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936 masoud youssefi youssefim@mums.ac.ir 2 Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-9936