Introduction: Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a Tremovirus and primarily affects chickens. The virus can infect young chicks and cause nervous symptoms. Vaccines are used to control the disease in breeders. Recently, the occurrence of the disease is causing concern in the poultry industry.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, we report a case of avian encephalomyelitis in one broiler farm in Kashan (center of Iran). The chickens showed nervous symptoms like depression, head trembling, ataxia, dull eyes, as well as drowsiness, lack of coordination, and unsteady gait in chickens. In this study, we detected avian encephalomyelitis with the molecular procedure like reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, the histopathological diagnosis was made.  
Results: The disease was confirmed based on the clinical, molecular and histopathological findings.
Conclusions: Due to the increase in vaccine prices and the difficulties of vaccine providing in the breeders’ farms, the probability of disease has increased. Stringently monitoring of breeders farms before the beginning of egg production and using a suitable protocol with vaccination is recommended.