2024-03-29T19:24:52+03:30 http://journal.isv.org.ir/browse.php?mag_id=45&slc_lang=en&sid=1
45-378 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Serological Survey of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Broiler Flocks, Iran, 2018 Arash GhalyanchiLangeroudi arashghalyanchi@gmail.com Hossein Hosseini hosseini.ho@gmail.com Mohammad Hossein Fallah mhf2480@yahoo.com Leila Aghaeean Mahsaaghaee@gmail.com Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji Rezaesmailzade@rocketmail.com Zahra Ziafati zahra.ziafati@gmail.com Amir Modiri amirmodiri72@gmail.com Yahyah Almasi Y_almasi@yahoo.com Bahram BaGholamian Bagh56@gmail.com Alireza Ashouri arashuri@yahoo.com Niusha Hajizamani Niushahajizamani@yahoo.com Background and Aims: Infectious Laryngotrachitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease with high morbidity and low mortality in poultry. ILT is caused by Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1), a member of the Iltovirus genus and family Herpesviridae. It causes in notable economic losses due to decreasing the growth rates, egg production, and increasing the mortality in commercial poultry, especially layer flocks, and usually, outbreaks are more severe in older birds than in younger flocks. However, Infectious Laryngotrachitis has been reported in broiler as well. Multicausal respiratory diseases are prevalent diseases in Iranian broiler flocks and caused a high rate of mortality and considerable economic losses. Field and vaccine strains of Infectious Laryngotrachitis virus are circulating in layer flocks in some geographical locations. Materials and Methods: To detect seroprevalence of the Infectious Laryngotrachitis virus in broiler flocks, a total of 180 sera samples were collected in slaughterhouses from 15 broiler flocks (12 sera from each flock) of four provinces in Iran containing Golestan, West Azerbaijan, Qazvin and Tehran during autumn 2018. Infectious Laryngotrachitis virus antibodies were determined using a commercial ELISA test kit. Results: Based on the results, the seroprevalence of the Infectious Laryngotrachitis virus was found to be 13 % of flocks. Also, our finding showed that 33% and 25% of flocks were seropositive to ILTV collected from Tehran and West Azerbaijan respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that Infectious Laryngotrachitis viruses are circulating in broiler flocks in different parts of Iran.  This is the first report of ILT Seroprevalence in broiler flocks in Iran and in future, the molecular studies on ILT would be nessaccery in respiratory disease syndrome. Seroprevalence Infectious Laryngotracheitis Broiler Iran ELISA 2020 6 01 1 5 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-378-en.pdf
45-375 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Frequency of BK Polyoma Virus in Bladder Cancer Taban Javadzahed Javadzadeht961@mums.ac.ir Masoumeh Gharib Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan Zahra Meshkat Saeed Amel-Jamehdar Mahmoud-Reza Kalantari Hasan Jahanbakhsh-kotlar Tahmine Bakhshi Masoud Youssefi Background and Aims: The BK virus a member of the Polyomaviruses family was first isolated from the urine of the kidney recipient. Infection with this virus and infection usually occurs in childhood [5-9 years] but most of the time [90%] of sera are positive and without symptoms. Polyomaviruses including the BK virus have also been suggested to be a contributing factor to some cancers in humans such as brain tumors, bone tumors, Kaposi’s sarcoma, adrenal tumors, renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, urinary tumors, genital tumors etc. However, the topic still remains controversial. Materials and Methods: In this study, we report the presence of BK specific DNA sequences in bladder cancer by PCR and Nested PCR methods. Results: Our study results confirmed the presence of BK in 13.7% of the samples by Nested PCR method. Conclusion: In conclusion, 51 samples 13.7% of paraffin-embedded bladder cancer sample were confirmed by Nested PCR method.     Seroprevalence Infectious Laryngotracheitis Broiler Iran ELISA 2020 6 01 6 11 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-375-en.pdf
45-389 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Characterization of Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 Viruses (PPMV-1) Isolated in Iran Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji Rezaesmailzade@rocketmail.com Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi arashghalyanchi@gmail.com Medi Vasfi Marandi mvmarand@ut.ac.ir Hossein Hosseini hosseini.ho@gmail.com Vahid Karimi Vkarimi@ut.ac.ir Aidin Molouki a.molouki@rvsri.ac.ir Mohammad hossein Fallah Mehrabadi mhf2480@yahoo.com Background and Aims: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the contagious viral diseases in avian species. Recently, several ND outbreaks in pigeon caused by pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1 (PPMV-1) have been reported din limited numbers from Iran and phylogenetic studies have been conducted on partial sequence of NDV fusion (F) gene. Materials and Methods: In the present study, ten PPMV-1, named Pigeon_paramyxovirus1_isolate_pigeon/Iran/UT_EGV1-10/2018, isolated from infected pigeons, and were subjected to partial sequencing. All isolates showed MDT of 74-80 hours, thus categorizing them as mesogenic. Results and Conclusion: The phylogenetic analysis based on the F gene sequence revealed the isolates belong to XXI.1.1 subgenotype. According to BLAST results, the partial genome of UT-EGV1-10 had high homology with some Russian and Egyptian strains (the highest was 96.55%). The information obtained from this study can be useful in preventive measures for ND caused by PPMV-1 in pigeons. Pigeon paramyxovirus serotype-1 (PPMV-1) Partial sequencing Fusion gene Phylogenetic Study Epidemiology Iran 2020 6 01 12 20 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-389-en.pdf
45-390 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Seroprevalence Study of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Sheeps of Shabestar, Iran Rahman Allahvirdizadeh r.allahvirdizadeh@urmia.ac.ir Amirfarhang Houshangi dr- houshangi@yahoo.com Behrad Eshratkhah beshratkhah@iaushab.ac.ir Background and Aims: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease is one of the most important viral infections in sheep and goats that is caused by a morbillivirus from the paramixoviridae family, causing lesions in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 250 blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of the apparently healthy and diseased sheep with common symptoms of PPR in Shabestar Region, Iran. Samples were randomly divided into different age groups (under 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 24 and over 24 months). Serum samples were tested using PPR kit by ELISA antibody method to determine the prevalence. Results: The overall rate of PPR seroprevalence in Shabestar Region sheep was 28%, which was 20% in the age groups under 6 months, 37% in the 6-12 months, 26% in the 12-24 months and 17% in the above 24 months. Conclusion: According to the results,Our results revealed that the PPR seroprevalence high in sheeps of shabestar region and preventive proceeding need to control and eradication of the disease in that region. The severity of the disease was also reported in the age group of 6 to 12 months, which can be adviced as a best time for vaccination in the region.   ELISA Peste des petits ruminants Seroprevalence Iran 2020 6 01 21 27 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-390-en.pdf
45-392 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 The Potential Effect of Glycyrrhiza Glabra on Early Step of Influenza Virus Replication Sakine Aboutalebi s.aboutalebi@rvsri.ac.ir Shahla Shahsavandi s.shahsavandi@rvsri.ac.ir Fahimeh Nemati Nikdokht Ebrahimi nikdokhtebrahimi@gmail.com Background and Aims: The emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses has become a serious threat for human and animal populations. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) is a traditional medicine clinically used for the treatment of viral respiratory infection symptoms in most countries. We evaluated the effects of the herb on influenza virus replication in human lung cultured cells (A549) following the determination of cytotoxic concentration 50 of Gg for the cell in culture. Materials and Methods: Suspensions of influenza virus-infected A549 cells were examined for infectivity up to 48 h after the addition of Gg at various concentrations before and after adsorption of the virus. The possible anti-influenza activity of Gg was also determined using apoptosis detection. Results: At concentrations ranging from 50 to 400 μg/ml, Gg did not cause a cytotoxic effect against the cells. The increase in viral titers before adsorption and a dose-dependent inhibitory action of Gg after virus adsorption indicated that the herb did not affect influenza virus replication in human epithelial respiratory cells. DNA fragmentation showed that Gg protected cells from influenza virus-induced apoptosis before and after adsorption of the virus. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Gg cannot directly affect viral HA activity during virus replication. A decrease in virus titer after-treatment of the infected cells with higher concentrations of Gg may interact with cellular signaling factors either involved in viral entry or budding. Influenza A virus Glycyrrhiza glabra Antiviral activity Hemagglutinin 2020 6 01 28 35 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-392-en.pdf
45-399 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Lack of Human Coronaviruses Detection in Samples Collected from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections during 2014-2015 Somayeh Alipour somayehh.alipour110@yahoo.com Hoorieh Soleimanjahi soleim_h@modares.ac.ir Fatemeh Fotouhi fotouhi@pasteur.ac.ir zohreh farahmand zohrefarahmand1@gmail.com Background and Aims: Coronaviridae family cause respiratory diseases ranging from common cold to severe Respiratory diseases such as SARS, MERS and new emerging coronavirus disease COVID-19.  In addition, the family including four other human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43) with flu likes symptoms. Coronaviruses cannot be distinguished clinically from other respiratory infectious agents. Based on the health importance and widespread distribution of respiratory infections, the current study was designed for diagnosis of Pancoronaviruses. Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 200 patient suspected viral upper respiratory tract infection analyzed using optimized RT-PCR assay.  The constructive specific degenerate primers were used for ampliļ¬cation of rep1b ORF from coronaviruses genome. The 354bp DNA fragment related to 229E coronavirus polymerase gene was amplified from Amplirun Total Respiratory Viral Panel Control (Vircell) template by RT-PCR. Amplified product ligated into T-easy vector (Promega). Plasmid then transformed to Top 10 F' strain by chemical method and Positive colonies were selected using colony PCR with gene specific primers. Diagnostic restriction enzyme digestion was done with EcoRI restriction enzyme. Vector was linearized by SacI restriction enzyme and In-vitro transcription was performed using TranscriptAid T7 High Yield Transcription Kit. DNA was removed with DNase I treatment. Then the detection limit of the specific Rep1b primers was determined by Two- Step RT-PCR with synthetic RNA concentration gradient. All of samples were negative for Pancoronavirus. Results and Conclusion: All of these samples were negative for Pancoronavirus. Larger sample sizes and proper sampling procedure may improve the chances of viral RNA detection. Coronavirus human coronaviruses RT-PCR Optimization respiratory tract infections 2020 6 01 36 41 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-399-en.pdf
45-476 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Molecular Detection of Human Enteroviruses in Wastewater Treatment Plant Z Azarash M Esghaei M Farzadkia F Bokharaei-Salim SJ Kiani SH Monavari G Mokhtary-Irani MS Hosseini A Ataei-Pirkooh Background and Aims: Enteroviruses are spread worldwide that cause many diseases, including gastrointestinal infections. These viruses are considered as an important pathogen in wastewater and therefore their presence in treated wastewater can cause disease transmission. We aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and characterization of human enteroviruses in wastewater samples of a wastewater treatment in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: From November 2017 to April 2018, a total of 15 samples were collected by Grab sampling method from three chambers including the chamber adjacent to the aeration tank and the pre-chlorination effluent and the post-chlorination effluent. The samples were analysed for the presence of human enteroviruses by an integrated cell culture/polymerase chain reaction (ICC/PCR) technique. Then, the isolated enteroviruses were evaluated using sequencing analysis. Results: The results showed that the rate of infection with enteroviruses using culture method and RT-PCR technique in wastewater samples was 80% and 40%, respectively. Also, human enteroviruses in the samples were Coxsackievirus B5 (50%), poliovirus type 1 vaccine (33%) and Echovirus 11 (16%). Conclusion: Human enteroviruses were detected in wastewater samples and the highest rate with coxsackievirus B5 (50%) and then with poliovirus type 1 vaccine (33%) and Echovirus 11 (16%). Wastewater ICC-PCR Human Enteroviruses 2020 6 01 42 46 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-476-en.pdf
45-477 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Molecular Characterization of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus from Cockatiels (Nymphicus Hollandicus) in Iran Mohammadreza Ghorani Mohammadreza Rezapanah Background and Aims: Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus (PBFDV) causes persistent contagious diseases affecting feathers, immune systems, and beaks of companion birds. PBFDV causes progressive beak deformity, plumage loss, and feather dystrophy. We performed the prevalence survey of PBFDV infections in companion birds in the center of Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, 120 fresh dropping specimens from apparently healthy companion birds were randomly isolated. The dropping specimens were assessed for PBFDV using PCR. Positive samples were sequenced by the Sanger method, and the sequence was approved by alignment and the phylogenetic tree generated by the maximum likelihood technique computationally. Results: PBFDV was found in 35.8% of specimens. PBFDV was found in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) specimens. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the Iranian isolates had the most similarities to Saudi Arabian isolates. Conclusion: Such high rates of this pathogen emphasized that healthy N. hollandicus in the center of Iran are likely to spread and emergence from PBFDV with subclinical potential. Thus, virological assessments are needed before the export and import of birds. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Phylogenetic analysis Companion birds Nymphicus hollandicus 2020 6 01 47 52 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-477-en.pdf
45-478 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Genetic Diversity of Coat Protein Gene of Peanut Stunt Virus (PSV); Its Evolution Governed by Mutation and Natural Selection Reza Pourrahim Mohammad Reza Rezapanah Shirin Farzadfar Background and Aims: Peanut stunt virus is a member of the genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae, and causes economic yield losses mostly in legume plants worldwide. The synonymous codon usage patterns, which provide significant information about the evolutionary changes that influenced viral survival rates and fitness have not been reported for PSV. Materials and Methods: The complete coat protein (CP) gene sequences of 73 PSV isolates worldwide, including Iranian isolates from the GenBank database were used for codon usage bias -CUB analysis. To clarify the genetic diversity of PSV, CP sequences were aligned using CLUSTALX2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree was reconstructed using 34 representatives of each group by MEGAX using the K2+G+I method with 1000 Bootstrap replicates. The CodonW 1.4.2 package was used for assessing the nucleotide mixtures at the 3rd codon position (A3, C3, T3, and G3%). The Emboss explorer (http://www.bioinformatics.nl/emboss-explorer/) was used for calculating GC content at the first, second, and third codon positions (GC1s, GC2s, GC3s), where the average of GC1 and GC2s is indicated by GC1,2s. The codon usage data for the different hosts were obtained from the codon usage database (available at https://hive.biochemistry.gwu.edu/review/codon). Results: Phylogenetic analyses using CP sequences clustered the PSV isolates into two main groups (GI & GII), in which subgroups I to V isolates fell in GI however, a new subgroup VI isolates cluster in GII. High nucleotide diversity in the PSV CP gene of new subgroup VI may indicate the recent expansion of these isolates. The average of codon adaptation index (CAI) analyses shows that the host adaptation was highest for subgroup VI, followed by V, II, III, I, and IV subgroups, respectively. A constant and conserved genomic composition CP coding sequences were inferred by low codon usage bias. Nucleotide composition analysis indicates the frequency of amino acid coded by U/C ended optimal codon. This unequal use of nucleotides composition with parity rule 2 (PR2) and the effective number of codons (ENC) plots indicates that the combination of mutation pressure and natural selection are deriving the codon usage patterns in the CP gene but the role of selection pressure is more important. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the majority of PSV isolates from subgroups I to V clustered near the origin, which might be due to these isolates being older with a common origin. Conclusion: Our findings showed that overall codon usage bias within PSV CP gene sequences is slightly biased. The evolution of PSV perhaps reflects a dynamic process of mutation and natural selection to adapt their codon usage to different environments and hosts. This research makes an essential contribution to the understanding of plant virus evolution and reveals novel information about their evolutionary fitness. This study shows the high nucleotide diversity among CP gene sequences of PSV isolates and proposes a new subgroup VI. PSV codon usage patterns mutation pressure natural selection host adaptation 2020 6 01 53 59 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-478-en.pdf
45-379 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Ammonium Chloride as a Potential Candidate for the Treatment and Controlling of Covid-19 Ali Kargar Kheirabad kargarapgv@gmail.com mehdi Nourozi mnorouzi@tums.ac.ir Covid-19 treatment ammonium chloride diphenhydramine compound 2020 6 01 60 62 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf
45-479 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Molecular Surveillance of Infectious Bursal Disease virus in Live Bird Market, Tehran, Iran Abed Mirbagheri Hossein Hosseini Ali Hojabr Rejeoni Zahra Ziafati Kafi Naser Sadri Soroush Sarmadi Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi 2020 6 01 63 65 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-479-en.pdf
45-384 2024-03-29 10.1002
Iranian Journal of Virology Iran J Virol 1735-5680 2588-5030 10.21859/isv 2020 14 1 Combating Hepatitis C (HCV): A Review of Present and Future Perspectives Muhammad Shahzaib mohammadshahzaib701@gmail.com Ehsan Ul Haq ehsanulhaqsani5@gmail.com Over the past few decades, the race against the treatment strategies of infectious HCV has gained a lot of momentum. These treatments include several therapies like Ribavirin, INF-α, DAA based pro-drugs, vaccines, and even naturally occurring compounds like herbal extracts as well as scorpion venom. All of these drugs have their specialized techniques and methodologies of administration such as combinatorial therapies of several of these drugs combined that are proving highly useful and constantly evolving along with the technological evolution. The main problems that are associated with combating Hepatitis C include the phenomenon of drug resistance and highly diverse genotypes of HCV. In this review, we have tried to discuss the overall research on these treatment methods and their basic ups and downsides of each briefly. Hepatitis C HCV Ribavirin therapy Interferon therapy HCV vaccines 2020 6 01 66 79 http://journal.isv.org.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf