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Showing 2 results for Zorriehzahra
Mohammad Jalil Zorriehzahra, Fatemeh Hassantabar, Mina Ziarati, Laleh Yazdanpanah Goharrizi, Masoud Seidgar, Kouros Radkhah, Mohammad Sheikh Asadi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), a hazardous and devastating disease of many species of cultured and marine fish worldwide. It caused by betanodaviruses a serious concern especially in the fry and young fish. This virus infects most of the cultured fishes causing severe mortality. Our current review focuses chiefly on recent studies performed on VNN disease. Recent outbreaks have been reported in China, Indonesia, Singapore and India, affecting the mariculture and aquaculture industry. It also decreased dramatically Mullet stocks in the Caspian Sea. The four main genotypes of VNN were found in all continentals’ except South America. The economic loss due to the virus is mainly due to mortality and spread of infection both vertically and horizontally. Our investigation in recent years suggest that more research and epidemiological surveys should be conducted, especially in critical areas were mariculture farms are planned to be established. Therefore, finding new rapid diagnosis tools, Monitoring and Surveillance program, and effective vaccines, Control, Prevention and Eradication in the comprehensive program should be considered globally.
Prof. Mohammad Jalil Zorriehzahra, - Sana Yousefian Jazi, - Fariba Ghaed Amini, Dr. Parisa Mohammadisefat,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims: Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease due to Orthopoxvirus infection that has reemerged after decades of Smallpox eradication, raising international concern. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was originally found in Central and West Africa in the 1970s, but it has now crossed the borders of Africa, Europe, and America and recorded the most newly infected patients at the time. Common ways of transmission could be the zoonotic and human-to-human transmission. The most common means of transmission are direct and prolonged contact with patient bodily fluids, unprotected contact with lesions, and sexual contact. Early symptoms can manifest as headache, fever, and lymph node inflammation. Despite the similarity in clinical manifestation between Smallpox and Monkeypox, swollen lymph nodes can distinguish MPX from Smallpox. MPX has five stages based on the clinical manifestation of lesions appearing on the skin, macula, papule, vesicle, pustule, and scar. Also, there are several methods for detecting, preventing, and treating MPXV. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Monkeypox and various aspects of the disease were discussed.
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