Background and Aims: There is no data about JC virus genotypes in Iran. Due to the association of some genotypes of JC virus with PML (Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy) and also for the fact that some genotypes are more likely to be associated with certain diseases, such as cancer, the importance of this research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype of JC virus in northeastern Iran to find any different genotype in different tissues.
Materials and Methods: Twenty two colorectal tissue samples were collected from colorectal cancer patients and 19 urine samples were collected from healthy individuals. After genomic extraction, PCR was applied to amplify the desired gene region for genotyping. The reported sequences were compared with sequences recorded in NCBI database. The 100% match was observed in most of the samples.
Results: In general, 12 urine samples and 17 tissue samples were in type 1 and 3 urine specimens belonged to type 2, and 5 tissue samples and 4 urine specimens were also found in type 3.
Conclusions: According to the statistical analysis, there was no correlation between urinary tract genotypes and tissue samples. Genotype 2 was observed only in urine specimens but not tissue samples. The most common genotype in this study was Type-1 and then Type-3. No other genotype was observed in this study.

Background and Aims: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is as a type C retrovirus, which was first isolated from a patient with Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Approximately 10-20 million people are infected by HTLV-1 virus worldwide, but only 5-10% of them develop clinical manifestations such as Acute-T lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), uveitis, and infective dermatitis. Indinavir was the first protease inhibitor used for treating HIV-1. It has some activity on HTLV-1, but it is not fully able to inhibit the HTLV-1 protease. Nowadays, design and construction of novel pharmacophore compounds can serve as an appropriate replacement for Indinavir. 
Materials and Methods: In the present research, we used bioinformatics studies, to evaluate the potential role of four novel pharmacophres with inhibitory function on HTLV-1 protease, so called KMI pharmacophores (Keikha Modified Indinavir).
Results: After a detailed structural analysis of each of them, it seems all four designed phamacophores, (especially KMI-3) could be more effective on HTLV-1 protease than Indinavir.
Conclusions: According to exact in silico evaluations of each four pharmacophores, KMI-3 demonstrated a potential for its use on treatment of HTLV-1 infections. 

Background and Aims: The BK virus a member of the Polyomaviruses family was first isolated from the urine of the kidney recipient. Infection with this virus and infection usually occurs in childhood [5-9 years] but most of the time [90%] of sera are positive and without symptoms. Polyomaviruses including the BK virus have also been suggested to be a contributing factor to some cancers in humans such as brain tumors, bone tumors, Kaposi’s sarcoma, adrenal tumors, renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, urinary tumors, genital tumors etc. However, the topic still remains controversial.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we report the presence of BK specific DNA sequences in bladder cancer by PCR and Nested PCR methods.
Results: Our study results confirmed the presence of BK in 13.7% of the samples by Nested PCR method.
Conclusion: In conclusion, 51 samples 13.7% of paraffin-embedded bladder cancer sample were confirmed by Nested PCR method.